0_DIGITALIS new (1).pptx

Pharmacognosy

1. DIGITALIS

2. CONTENTS BIOLOGICAL SOURCE CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS CHEMICAL TEST EXTRACTION AND ISOLATION ESTIMATION AMD ANALYSIS COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS

3. SYNONYM : Digitalis leaves or foxglove leaves B.S : Digitalis consists of dried leaves of Digitalis purpurea , family- Scrophulariaceae , dried at a temperature below 60 degree celsius,immediately after collecting. It contains NLT 0.3% of total cardenolides calculated as digitoxin . It should contain NMT 5% of moisture content.

4. Digitalis purpurea Digitalis lanata

5. . Digitalis purpurea Digitalis lanata Leaf- lanceolate or Leaf- sessile, broadly ovate leaves oblong- lanceolate C. C- Digitoxin C. C- Digoxin

6. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS Contains 0.2 – 0.45 %mixture of both primary and secondary cardiac glycoside( cardenolides ) Pupurea glycoside A & B and glucogitaloxin are primary glycoside possessing at C-3 of aglycone,a linear chain of 3 digitoxose moieties terminated by glucose. Primary glycosides are less absorbed and less stable than secondary glycosides such as digitoxin,gitoxin and gitaloxin .

7. Purpurea glycoside A Purpurea glycoside B enzymatic enzymatic hydrolysis hydrolysis Gitoxin + Glucose Digitoxin + Glucose hydrolysis hydrolysis Gitoxigenin+3 digitoxose Digitoxigenin + 3 digitoxose

8. Glucogitaloxin Gitaloxin + Glucose Gitaloxigenin + 3Digitoxose

9. CHEMICAL TEST Keller- kiliani test for digitoxose Legal test Baljet test

10. EXTRACTION & ISOLATION-BY STAS OTTO-METHOD(general method for glycoside) Powdered drug of Digitalis lanata (10 gm ) Extracted by continuous hot percolation with alcohol in soxhlet apparatus (During this process , enzyme glycosidase is deactivated) To the extract , lead acetate is added to ppt tannins Filtered and passed H2S gas to ppt excess lead acetate and lead sulphide ( PbS ) or sulphuric acid is passed to ppt lead acetate as lead sulphate Filtrate is concentrated

11. . From crude glycoside fraction ,the pure glycoside(digoxin) is obtained by fractional solubility , fractional crystallisation and various chromatographic techniques ( Reference: A Textbook of Pharmacognosy by N P S Senegar Ritesh Agarwal Ashwini Singh , Page no : 133 )

12. Extraction and isolation of Digitoxin Powdered leaves of Digitalis purpurea are macerated with water at 45 degree celsius degee f or 4-5 hrs The leaves are again macerated with 20% methanol for 24 hrs The aq. And methanolic extract are mixed together The final extract was made alkaline with NaOH (for hydrolysis) Extracted with chloroform solution

13. . Evaporated chloroform and extracted to dryness The residue obtained was chromatographed The coloumn was packed with silica gel G and eluted by gradient technique initially with CCl 4 , then with ethyl acetate and methanol . CCl 4 fragment contains coluoring pigments Ethyl acetate fraction contain flavones and anthraquinones Methanol fraction contains digitoxin ( Referance : A Textbook of Pharmacognosy by N P S Senegar , Ritesh Agarwal, Aswini Singh Page No : 135 )

14. TLC METHOD : Stationary phase : Absorbent – Precoated silica gel Mobile phase : Benzene : Ethanol(7:3 ) Sample : Plant extract(leaf ) Detecting agent: p- Anisaldehyde , perchloric acid Observation: UV 350 nm ,blue spot was produced

15. ESTIMATION &ANALYSIS COLORIMETRIC ANALYSIS,BP 1998 METHOD : Digoxin extract is treated with 3,5 Dinitrobenzoic acid and Benzyl trimethyl ammonium hydroxide Bluish red colour is formed Colorimetrically measured at 550 nm

16. . Assay of Digoxin (IP 66) Weighed about 40 mg of Digoxin , dissolved it in 95% of ethanol and make up volume to 50 ml. Pipette out 5 ml from the above stock soln. and make up the volume to 100 ml with 95%ethanol Again pipette out 5ml from the above stock soln. and add 3 ml of alkaline picric acid Allow to stand for 30 mins . Measure the absorbance at 495 nm

17. ( REFERENCE : Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry II by Dr T. Sudha Page no 222- 226)

18. COMMERCIAL APPLICATION 1.Digitalis purpurea :natural glycoside of D.purpurea are not prepared in pure form,but two derivatives are in use. a) Digitoxin b) Gitalin 2 . Digitalis lanata : not used in crude form,but derivaties are in use. a) Digilanid : purified mixture of three glycoside, lanatoside A -47% lanatoside B -10% lanatoside C-37%

19. b) Lanatoside A: not used in purified form,but two commercial preparation are derived from this; Digitoxin Acetyl digitoxin c) Lanatoside C: purified natural glycoside is in wide clinical use especially IV for rapid effect.

20. BRAND NAMES GENERIC NAME BRAND NAME USE DIGOXIN CARDIN tab b) DIXIN tab Used in conditions like hypertension and angina Treat heart failure and irregular heartbeat 2. LANATOSIDE C a) CEDELANID tab b) CEGLUNAT Used for treatment of CHF and cardiac arrhythmia . Given orally and I.V route 3. ACETYL DIGOXIN a) DIGOSTADA MITE tab b) NOVODIGAL Used for fast digitalisation in CHF

21. OTHER EXAMPLES Digitoxin – Used in the treatment of congestive cardiac insufficiency. Deslanoside – for treatment and management of congestive cardiac insufficiency ,arrhythmias and heart failure. CARDIN TABLET -