01 Making of Indian constitution Class Notes Vikrant.pdf

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About This Presentation

Making of Indian constitution Class Notes Vikrant.


Slide Content

ForCDS-12023 Exam
Lecture 01
HistoryAndMakingOf
IndianConstitution
(POLITY)
PRATHMESHSIR

Topics To
Be
Covered
1.WhatisConstitution
2.HistoryofConstitution
3.DraftingCommittee
4.ConstituentAssembly
5.Schedulesof Indianconstitution

WhatIsConstitution?

WhatIsConstitution?

MakingOfIndianConstitution
•1922
•"Swara] will not be a free gift ofthe British Parliament;
itwillbeadeclarationof India’sfullself-expression.
ThatitwillbeexpressedthroughanActofParliament
Is truebutitwillbemerelya Courteousratificationof
the declaredwishof thepeopleofIndia evenasitwas
in thecaseof the UnionofSouthAfrica."

ManabendraNathRoy(1934)
▪In 1934M.N.Royfirstproposedtheideaofa constituentassemblyforIndia.
MakingOfIndianConstitution

MakingOfIndianConstitution
ThreeRound tableconference
▪Firstconference(1930-1931)
▪Secondconference(Sep1931-Dec1931)
▪Thirdconference(Nov1932–Dec 1932)

officialdemandedfor
IndianNationalCongress(INC)1935
▪In1935IndianNationalCongress
constituentAssembly.
MakingOfIndianConstitution

▪JawaharlalNehru(1938)
▪OnbehalfoftheINC,JawaharlalNehru
declaredthat"theConstitutionoffree
Indiamust
interference,
beframed,withoutoutside
byaConstituentAssembly
elected onthebasisof adultfranchise".
▪AdultFranchise
▪withoutinterference
MakingOfIndianConstitution

WorldWarII(1939-1945)

•TheBritishgovernmentpulledIndiaintothe
warwithouttheconsentoftheIndians.
•IndiademandedcompleteIndependencefrom
colonialrule
•TheresponseoftheBritishGovernmenttothe
Indiandemands wascalled‘theAugustOffer’
•TherightofIndianstowritetheirown
constitutionwasrecognizedforthefirsttime.
AugustOffer(1940)
ViceroyLinlithgow

AugustOffer(1940)
•TheBritishgovernmentproposeddominion
status
•Viceroy'sCouncilwouldbe extended,allowing
moreIndianstoparticipate
•defense,finance,andhomeaffairs,aswell asall
Republicof Indiaservices.
•refusedtograntcompleteindependence

AugustOffer(1940)
▪AtWardhaINCRejectedtheoffer
▪Nehíusaid,“Dominionstatusconcept
isdeadasadooínail.”
▪Gandhisaidthatthedeclaíationhad
widenedthegulfbetweenthe
nationalistsandtheBíitishíuleís

Japan’s Statusin1942WorldWarII
Japan’s

CrippsMission-1942
▪HeadedbyStafford Cripps
▪electedConstituentAssemblyof theIndianpeople
▪DominionStatus,an equalpartnershipofthe
BritishCommonwealthofNations
▪Indiandefensesector
RighttoSecede

CrippsMission-1942
INC&Muslimleaguebothrejectedit

CabinetMission(1946)

CabinetMission(1946)

CabinetMission(1946)
Pethick-lawrence
Secretaryof StateforIndia
StaffordCripps
PresidentoftheBoardofTrade
A.V. Alexander
FirstLord ofAdmiralty

CabinetMission(1946)
ToFormulatean
constituentassembly
Toforminterimgovernment
MainObjective

InterimGovernment
2September1946-15August1947

InterimGovernment
1.PíesidentoftheExecutiveCouncil(ViceíoyandGoveínoí-GeneíalofIndia):ViscountWavell(till
Ïebíuaíy1947);LoídMountbatten(fíomÏebíuaíy1947)
2.Commandeí-in-Chief:SiíClaudeAuchinleck
3.VicePíesident,inchaígeofExteínalAffaiísandCommonwealthRelations:Jawahaílal Nehíu
4.HomeAffaiís,InfoímationandBíoadcasting:SaídaíVallabhbhaiPatel(INC)
5.AgíicultuíeandÏood:Rajendía Píasad(INC)
6.Commeíce: Ibíahim Ismail Chundíigaí (ML)
7.Defence:BaldevSingh(INC)
8.Ïinance:LiaquatAliKhan(ML)
9.Education and Aíts: C Rajagopalachaíi (INC)
10.Health: Ghazanfaí Ali Khan (ML)
11.Labouí:JagjivanRam(INC)
12.Law:JogendíaNathMandal(ML)
13.RailwaysandCommunications,Post andAií:AbduíRabNishtaí(ML)
14.Woíks,MinesandPoweí:CH Bhabha(INC)

MakingOfIndianConstitution
389
296 93

MakingOfIndianConstitution

MakingOfIndianConstitution
Basedonpopulation&furtherdividedinMuslim, SikhandGeneral
IndirectlyElected

MakingOfIndianConstitution
Nominated

INC
Muslimleague
Independent
208
15
73
MakingOfIndianConstitution
ElectionheldinJuly–August1946

MakingOfIndianConstitution
PrincelyStatesdidn’tParticipatedMuslimLeague

MakingOfIndianConstitution
Objectives
Making of Indian
constitution
Toactas parliamentuntil
theparliamentisformed

▪TheAssemblymetforthefirsttimeinNewDelhion9December1946.
▪211Members
▪Dr.SachidanandSinhawasthefirstpresidentoftheConstituentAssembly.
▪ProvisionalPresident
FirstMeeting

▪11December1946
▪Elected
▪Dr.RajendraPrasad(PermanentPresident)
SecondMeeting

VicePresident
H.C. Mookerjee V.T.Krishnamachari
Dr.RajendraPrasad

▪13December1946
▪Objective Resolution
▪VisionoftheIndianconstitution
▪22Jan 1947(Passed)
ThirdMeeting

MountbattenPlan(1947)
Partition
389
299

8Major 13Minor

UnionConstitutionCommittee
UnionPowersCommittee
StatesCommittee

SteeringCommittee
RulesofProcedureCommittee

▪ProvincialConstitutionCommittee
▪AdvisoryCommitteeon FundamentalRights

ImportantCommittees
AdhocCommitteeontheNationalflag RajendraPrasad
AdvisoryCommitteeonFundamentalRights,VallabhbhaiPatel
CommitteeontheFunctionsofthe
ConstituentAssembly
G.V.Mavalankar
CommitteeonMinoritiesandTribaland
ExcludedAreas
VallabhbhaiPatel
CommitteeontheRulesofProcedure RajendraPrasad
SpecialCommitteetoExaminetheDraft
Constitution
AlladiKrishnaswami
Ayyar

ImportantCommittees
ProvincialConstitutionCommittee vallabhbhaiPatel
DraftingCommittee B.R.Ambedkar
ExcludedandPartially ExcludedAreasSub-
Committee
A.V.Thakkar
FinanceandStaff Committee RajendraPrasad
FundamentalRightsSub-Committee J.B.Kripalani
HouseCommittee
B. Pattabhi
Sitaramayya
MinoritiesSub-Committee H.C. Mukherjee

DraftingCommittees
•The Constituent Assembly established 13 committees to draft
theconstitution
•constitutionbasedonthereportsofthesecommittees

▪7Member
▪29 August 1947
1.DrB RAmbedkar(Chairman)
2.N. GopalaswamyAyyangar
3.AlladiKrishnaswamyAyyar
4.DrKMMunshi
5.SyedMohammadSaadullah
6.N.MadhavaRau(HereplacedBLMitterwhoresignedduetoill-
health)
7.T.T.Krishnamachari(HereplacedDPKhaitanwhodiedin1948)
DraftingCommittees

▪FirstDraft - Feb 1948
▪SecondDraft- Oct1948
▪FinalDraft- 4
th
Nov1948
▪7653 -
▪2473 -
Amendments
proposed
Amendments
Discussed
DraftingCommittees

▪ConstitutionofIndiawasadoptedbytheConstituentAssemblyon26th
November1949andcame intoforceon26thJanuary,1950.
▪284memberspresentedoutof299membersandsignedonConstitutionon
24
th
Jan 1950.
▪APreamble,395Articles,8Schedules.
▪15ArticleslikeCitizenship,election,provisionalparliament,etc.
▪5,6,7,8,9,60,324,366,367,379,380etc.
DraftingCommittees

▪LahoreSession1929
▪ItwasdecidedthattheJanuary26,
1930 shouldbeobserved
asPoornaSwarajyaDay.
▪26Jan1950
Why26Jan1950?

▪Theprocesstook2years,11monthsand18days
▪11sessions
▪15women’s
▪BenegalNarsingRauwasLegalAdviser.
▪H.V.RIyengarwastheSecretaryoftheconstituentassembly.
ImportantFacts

▪PremBehariNarainRaizadawastheCalligrapher
▪Rupees64lakhs
▪NationalFlagon 22
nd
July1947
▪NationalAnthemon24
th
January1950
▪MembershipofthecommonwealthinMay1949
ImportantFacts

IndianConstitution

IndianConstitution
Part Subject Articles
PartITheUnionandits territory Art.1to4
PartIICitizenship Art.5to11
PartIIIFundamentalRights Art.12to35
PartIVDirectivePrinciplesof statepolicy Art.36to51
PartIVAFundamentalDuties Art.51A
PartVTheUnion Art.52to151
PartVITheStates Art.152to237
PartVIIRepeatedbyConst. (7
thAmendment)Act,1956
PartVIIITheUnion Territories Art.239to242

IndianConstitution
Part Subject Articles
PartIXThePanchayats Art.243to430
Part
IXA
TheMunicipalities
Art.243Pto
243ZG
PartXTheScheduledandTribalAreas Art.244to244A
PartXIRelationsbetweenthe UnionandtheStates Art.245to263
PartXIIFinanace,Property,Contractsand Suits Art.264to300A
PartXIII
Trade,CommerceandIntercourse withintheTerritory
ofIndia
Art.301to307

▪26January1950:-
•APreamble,22Parts,395Articles,8Schedules
▪Currently:-
•Apreamble,25Parts,12Schedules
IndianConstitution

FirstSchedule
▪NamesoftheState,UT,andtheirjurisdiction.
▪Changesintheirbordersandthelawsusedtomakethatchange.
▪ThefirstamendmentofSchedule1wascarriedoutbythe7thConstitutional
Amendment1956withtheformationofAndhraPradesh
SchedulesOfIndianConstitution

SecondSchedule
▪ProvisionsrelatedtoSalary,Privilegesandallowanceof.
SchedulesOfIndianConstitution
1PresidentofIndia
2Governorsofstate
3Speakeranddeputyspeaker(LS)
4Chairmananddeputychairman(RS)
5SpeakerandDeputychairmanof statelegislature
6Chairmananddeputychairmanof councilof state
7JudgesofSCandHC
8CAG(Comptroller&AuditorGeneralofIndia)

thevariousformsofoathforholdersofvarious
ThirdSchedule
Thisschedulelists
constitutionaloffices
SchedulesOfIndianConstitution
1TheUnionMinisters
2Parliamentelectioncandidates
3Membersofparliament
4SCjudge
5CAG
6TheStateminister/Memberof Statelegislature
7JudgesofHC

FourthSchedule
▪Itcontainstheprovisionsinrelationtotheallocationofseatsfor
StatesandUnionTerritoriesintheRajyaSabha.
SchedulesOfIndianConstitution

FifthSchedule
▪Itcontainsprovisionsinrelationtotheadministration
andcontrolofscheduledareasandscheduledtribes.
aregroupsofindigenouspeople,▪ScheduledTribes
identifiedintheConstitution,strugglingsocio-
economically
▪AndhraPradesh,Chhattisgarh,Gujarat,Himachal
Pradesh,Jharkhand,MadhyaPradesh,Maharashtra,
Odisha,RajasthanandTelangana.
SchedulesOfIndianConstitution

SixthSchedule
▪Itcontainsprovisionsinrelationtothe
administrationoftribalareasinthestatesof
▪Assam,Meghalaya,TripuraandMizoram
▪SixthScheduleallowstheformation
ofAutonomousDistrictCouncils
▪Articles244(2)and275(1)
SchedulesOfIndianConstitution

SeventhSchedule
▪Divisionofpowerbetweenunionandstateintermsoflist.
SchedulesOfIndianConstitution

SchedulesOfIndianConstitution
SeventhScheduleDivisionofpowerbetweenunionandstateintermsoflist
UnionList Originally
Currently
-
-
97
100
StateList Originally
Currently
-
-
66
61
ConcurrentListOriginally
Currently
-
-
47
52

Lists
UnionList
•Defense
•AtomicEnergy
•ForeignAffairs
•WarandPeace
•Banking
•Railways
•PostandTelegraph
•Airways
•Ports
•ForeignTrade
•Currency&Coinage

Lists
StateList
•Agriculture
•Police
•Prison
•LocalGovernment
•PublicHealth
•Land
•Liquor
•TradeandCommerce
•Livestockand AnimalHusbandry
•StatePublicServices

Lists
ConcurrentList
•Education
•Transfer of Property other
thanAgriculturalland
•Forests
•TradeUnions
•Adulteration
•AdoptionandSuccession

Lists
ResidualPowers
➢Thepowerofjurisdictionuponsubjectsthatarenotmentionedinthe
stateorconcurrentlist
➢Article248oftheconstitutionclearlystates,TheUnionParliament
hasexclusivepowertomakeanylawwithrespecttoanymatternot
enumeratedintheConcurrentListortheStateList

Lists
42nd amendmentAct1976shiftedbelow mentionedfivesubjectsfíomtheStatelist
toConcuííentList:
•Education
•Ïoíests
•Píotectionofwildanimalsand biíds
•Weightsandmeasuíesand
•Administíationofjustice,constitutionandoíganization ofallcouítsexceptthe
SupíemeCouítandtheHighCouít

the22officiallanguagesrecognizedbytheIndian
EightSchedule
▪Itdealswith
Constitution
▪Articles343to 351
▪Originally14
▪Assamese,Bengali,Gujarati,Hindi,Kannada,Kashmiri,Konkani,
Malayalam,Manipuri,Marathi,Nepali,Oriya,Punjabi,Sanskrit,Sindhi,
Tamil,Telugu,Urdu,Bodo,Santhali,MaithiliandDogri.
SchedulesOfIndianConstitution

SchedulesOfIndianConstitution
➢TheSindhilanguagewasaddedbythe21stAmendmentActof
1967
➢Konkani,Manipuri,andNepaliwereincludedbythe71stAmendmentAct
of 1992
➢Bodo,Dogri,Maithili,andSanthaliwereaddedbythe92ndAmendment
Actof2003.

▪Therearesixlanguagesthatenjoythe‘Classical’statusinIndia.
▪Tamil(declaredin2004)
▪Sanskrit(2005)
▪Kannada(2008)
▪Telugu(2008)
▪Malayalam(2013)
▪Odia (2014)
SchedulesOfIndianConstitution

NinthSchedule
▪Itdealswiththestateactsandregulationsofthatdealwithlandreforms
andabolitionofZamindarisystem.
▪1
st
Amendment1951
SchedulesOfIndianConstitution

TenthSchedule
▪Itcontainsprovisionsrelatingtothedisqualificationofthe
membersofParliamentandStateLegislaturesonthe
groundofdefection.
▪Thisschedulewasaddedbythe52
nd
AmendmentActof
1985,alsoknownastheAnti-defectionLaw.
▪2003,throughthe91
st
Amendment,theanti-defectionlaw
wasmademoreeffectivetodealwithregulardefection
SchedulesOfIndianConstitution

EleventhSchedule
▪Provisionsthatspecifythepowers,authorityand
responsibilitiesofpanchayats
▪Ithas29 matters
▪73rdamendmentactof 1992
SchedulesOfIndianConstitution

TwelfthSchedule
▪Dealswiththeprovisionsthatspecifythe
powers,authorityandresponsibilitiesof
municipalities.
▪Ithas18 matters
▪74
th
Amendmentact of1992
SchedulesOfIndianConstitution

VANDE MAATRAM
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