03 VIPIN (ECO).pptx.....................................................

KALGANNA A

1. Title- Bharat’s contribution in the field of surgery SUBJECT- Indian traditional knowledge & practice- ITKP Made by- Vipin Kumar (cuhp21rdeco04) Department of economics School of social sciences submitted to- Dr debasis sahoo Assistant professor (travel & tourism)

2. Medical Science in Ancient India The beginning of the medical Science in india have been traced to the proficiency of the Indus Valley people in town Planing sanitation, and hygiene, representing the oldest surviving example of town planning…indicate remarkable concern about public health

3. Surgery in Ancient India The Ṛgveda , the earliest account of ancient Indian civilization, makes mention of the Ashwini Kumaras , known as dev vaidya (doctors of the gods). They were the chief surgeons of the Vedic period who had performed rare legendary surgical operations. Without entering into the complicated references of ancient texts on this, the latest simpler version is provided by Ahuja and Mishra (2014) in a brief overview mentioning the legendary surgeons and ancient Indian Ayurvedic surgical practices

4. Surgery in Ancient India he Ṛgveda says that the Ashwini Kumaras performed the first plastic surgery to rejoin the head and trunk of saint Chyavana when Dakshya cut his head. Their other classic works include: an eye operation of Reejashva , the implantation of the teeth of Phushna in his toothless mouth, the transplant of the head of a baby elephant on Ganesha whose head was cut by Lord Shiva in a rage of disobedience, rejoining the head of Lord Brahma and saint Dadhichi severed by demon Bhairava , and transplant of the head of a horse on the body of Dadhyancha preserved through madhu vidya (honey method).

5. Surgery in ancient India In addition, they transplanted an iron leg on Bispala , the wife of king Khela , who had lost her leg in war; they also operated and repaired the excised head of Yagyana by Rudra . In other words and on the face of it, the Ashwini Kumaras were doing both homo- and hetero transplantations at the very ancient time of Ṛgveda 5,000 years ago!

6. Surgery in Ancient India One of the earliest school of medicine known to mankind is Ayurveda . It was consolidated by Charaka nearly 2500 years ago. Sushruta , father of surgery, used to conducted complicated surgical procedures 2600 years ago, without the sophisticated instruments of today.

7. Sushruta Sushruta - also spelt Susruta or Susthratha – was an ancient Indian surgeon (datable to between the 6 th century BC and about the 4 th century CE) and he is the author of book Sushruta Samhita , in which he describes over 120 surgical instruments, 300 surgical procedure and classifies human surgery in 8 categories. He lived and taught and practiced his art on the banks of the Ganga in the area that corresponds to the present day city of Benaras in north-west India.

8. Sushruta In the sushruta school, the first person to expound ayurvrda knowledge was Dhanvantari who then tought it to Divodasa who, in turn, taught it to Sushruta . Susruta was a great Indian surgeon who is credited with the book Susruta Samhita . Born to sage Vishwamitra , Sushruta is the father of surgery. Father of surgery, used to conducted complicated surgical procedures 2600 years ago. Cataract surgery and plastic surgery were also first performed by the ancient physician Sushruta . He used a curved needle and removed the cataract by pushing the lens. The eyes were then immersed in warm butter and were properly covered until they were completely healed. Usage of anesthesia was also well known in ancient India. People from far off countries came to India to seek treatment.

9. Sushruta Sushruta lays down the basic principales of plastic surgery by advocating a proper physiotherapy before the operation describes various methods or different types of defects, viz., release of the skin for covering small defects, rotation of the flaps to make up for the partial loss and pedicle flaps for covering complete loss of skin from an area.

10. Sushruta The Sushruta samhita is in two parts, the Purva-tantra in five sections and the Uttara-tantra . Those two parts together encompass, apart from Salaya and Salakya , the other specialities like medicine, pediatrics, geriatrics, diseases of the ear, nose, throat and eye, toxicology, aphrodisiacs and psychiatry. Sushruta has advocated the use of wine with incense of cannabis for anaesthesia .

11. Sushruta Sushruta describes eight types of surgical procedure : Excision( chedana ), Incision( bhedana ) Scraping ( lekhanvya ), Puncturing ( Vedhya ), Esya (exploration), Ahrya (extraction), Vsraya (evacuation), and Sivya (suturing). Sushruta was well aware of the urinary stone, their varieties; the anatomy of urinary bladder along with its relation is well recorded in the chapter on urinary stones. Varieties of stones, their sign and symptoms, the method of extraction and operative complication are given in detail

12. Sushruta Susruta was a great Indian surgeon who is credited with the book Susruta Samhita . Born to sage Vishwamitra , Sushruta is the father of surgery. Father of surgery, used to conducted complicated surgical procedures 2600 years ago. Cataract surgery and plastic surgery were also first performed by the ancient physician Sushruta . He used a curved needle and removed the cataract by pushing the lens. The eyes were then immersed in warm butter and were properly covered until they were completely healed. Usage of anesthesia was also well known in ancient India. People from far off countries came to India to seek treatment.

13. Sushratha , father of surgery

14. In the book, he is said to have described over 300 surgical procedures and about 120 surgical instruments (all his own inventions). In the books, he has described every form of surgery – from bones, to tissues to various organs as well. He has also described the symptoms of diseases and offered prognosis for the same. He made use of ant heads to hold skin together when stitching and substituted what we know as anaesthesia with wine!

15. Sushruta Cataract surgery. Cataract Surgery was first performed in India by, you guessed it, Susruta . The medical genius used a special tool called Jabamukhi Salaka which was used to loosen the lens and push the cataract out of the field of vision.

16. https://youtu.be/EuvTWQRcZLE

17. Thank you