09.Morphology and microscopy of Ginger.ppt

Morphology and microscopy of crude drugs help in identification

1. Morphology and Microscopy of
Ginger
Dr. Ashoka Babu VL
[email protected]

2. Ginger
At the end of this lecture, student will be able to
• Discuss source, family, chemical constituents and uses of ginger
• Identify ginger based on morphology and microscopy

3. Synonyms – Zingiber, sunti
Biological source : Dried scraped or unscraped
rhizomes of Zingiber officinalae
Family - Zingiberaceae
Geographical source: India, Jamica
Africa, Australia, Taiwan and Mauritius
Ginger

4. Morphology of Ginger
Shape: Irregular, laterally compressed
Bearing short flat oblique branches on
the upper side, bud at apex
Size : Varies
Colour: Buff
Odour: Aromatic
Taste: Pungent
Fracture : Short and fibrous
Extra features: longitudinal striations, nodes, inter
Nodes, and adventitious roots are present

5. Microscopy - Ginger
Cork
Outer cork
Inner cork
Cortex
Starch
Oleo resin cells
Sclerenchymatous fibres
Fibro vascular bundles
Endodermis
Ground tissue
Ring of vascular bundles
Starch
Oleo resin cells
Sclerenchymatous fibres
Fibro vascular bundles

6. Microscopy - Ginger

7. Cork:
•Outer cork: Its few layered, dark brown in colour, made of irregular parenchymatous cells
•Inner cork: It is few layered, colourless parenchymatous cells, radially arranged in regular
rows
•Cortex:
It is made up of thin walled parenchymaatous cells with inter cellular spaces containing
abundant starch. The starch grains are unique, ie, they are sac shaped with terminal beak like
projection on the grain with eccentric hilum. Starch grains have distinct striations. Oleo resin
cells as well as vascular bundles are seen in between the cortical parenchymatous cells. The
oleo resin cells have suberized walls and contain yellowish content. A group of
sclerenchymatous fibres partially covers the vascular bundles called as fibro vascular bundles

8. •Endodermis:
It is single layered with radial walls thickened and with no starch grains
•Ground tissue:
It is large, parenchymatous (similar to that of cortex) with abundant starch, oleo resin
cells and vascular bundles. The vascular bundles are collateral and closed, Just below the
endodermal layer, towards the periphery of ground tissue, which are not covered by
sclerenchymatous fibres.
Phloem represents well developed sieve elements and xylem elements are
characteristic. Xylem consists of vessels, which are annular, spiral or reticulate
thickening. The fibres are unlignified pitted and septate.

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Microscopy - Ginger

10. Powder characters - Ginger
Parenchyma
Starch grains
Fibres
Vessels

11. Chemical constituents
 Volatile oil (0.6- 3%)
 Sesquiterpene- Zingiberene
 Sesquiterpene alcohol- Zingerol, borneol, linalool, geraniol
 Aldehyde- Citral
 Pungent principles (5-8 %)- Gingerol, shogaol, zingerone
 Resinous matter, starch and mucilage

12. Uses:
Stimulant
Carminative
Anti inflammatory
Aromatic
Anti platelet aggregator
Enhances GI activity
Antibacterial and anti fungal agent
Ginger

13. Adulteration:
Exhausted ginger : Detected by
• Water soluble ash
• Volatile oil content
• Alcohol and water soluble extractive value
Ginger

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Disclaimer
All data and content provided in the presentation are taken from the reference books,
internet-websites and links for informational purpose only