1.2cl 1 community development

community development in India

1. RDM 101 Community Development RDM 101 Community Development: Basic Concepts Rajeev Kumar, MSW (TISS, Mumbai) M.Phil (CIP, Ranchi) Doctoral Fellow, IIT Kharagpur Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University, IRTDM Faculty, Ranchi

2. What is community? A group of people Live in geographical area Have interest in each another A form of social organization exist between family and state A dynamic social unit subjected to external and internal changes Share customs, languages, beliefs, interest, etc., It is set of sub group relations There is leadership in community

3. Exercise-1 What is community? Define according to yourself How many types of communities you can identify? Which type of community you are? Which type of community we are going to focus now?

4. What is development ? Growth Expansion Gradual or sequential changes

5. What is community development? The Planning Commission of India “Community development is an attempt to bring about a social and economic transformation of village life through the efforts of the people themselves .” Planning commission of India

6. What is community development? community development as "a process where community members come together to take collective action and generate solutions to common problems.“ --- United Nations

7. Exercise-2 Now! How do you define community development in your words?

8. Why need of community development?

9. Why community development? Over 65% of the population living in rural areas are primarily dependent on agriculture for their livelihood about 11.25% of the rural families are landless and among the land holders, over 69.35% own less than 1 ha (marginal farm Over 65% of the population living in rural areas are primarily dependent on agriculture for their livelihood about 11.25% of the rural families are landless and among the land holders, over 69.35% own less than 1 ha (marginal farmers) and 21.25% own between 1 and 2 ha (small farmers) only 28% area is under irrigation and the rest is dependent on rains, where hardly one crop can be grown in a year

10. Rural scenario Apart from inadequate earning for livelihood, the rural people also suffer from poor health arising from starvation, lack of immunization, hygiene and sanitation 25% villages do not have year-round supply of drinking water and about 75% of the potable water sources are polluted the rural poor have to depend on money lenders, to meet their emergencies and fall into the debt trap They often try to forget their problems by consuming alcohol While some migrate to cities, others live in chronic poverty. They lose confidence in others as well in their ability to live a decent life

11. continued Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, West Bengal and Bihar together account for 40% of India’s rural poor. 16% of India’s population is classified as scheduled caste, and 8% as scheduled tribe. These groups are dominantly poor and rural and face particular socio-cultural barriers to development.

12. continued only 28% area is under irrigation and the rest is dependent on rains, where hardly one crop can be grown in a year Apart from inadequate earning for livelihood, the rural people also suffer from poor health arising from starvation, lack of immunization, hygiene and sanitation 25% villages do not have year-round supply of drinking water and about 75% of the potable water sources are polluted the rural poor have to depend on money lenders, to meet their emergencies and fall into the debt trap They often try to forget their problems by consuming alcohol While some migrate to cities, others live in chronic poverty. They lose confidence in others as well in their ability to live a decent life This is a vicious cycle of problems

13. Exercise-3 What do this data say? What did you understand? List out the areas needed for community development based on previous data

14. Concepts of community development 1. Community development is a movement designed to promote better living for the whole community with the active participation and on the initiative of the community. 2. Community development is a balanced programme for stimulating the local potential for growth in every direction. Its promise is of reciprocal advance in both health and wealth and welfare, not on the basis of outside charity but by building on the latent vitality of the beneficiaries themselves with the minimum of outside aid. 3. Community development is technically aided and locally organized self help. 4. The term community development has come into international usage to denote the process by which the efforts of the people themselves are united with those the governmental authorities to improve the economic social and cultural conditions of the communities, to integrate these communities into the life of the nation and enable them to contribute fully to national progress.

15. Exercise-4 List out technical terms

16. What do we need in community development ? 1. Agricultural and allied fields: Under this category activities regarding following items are included, (a )reutilisation of new and waste lands, (b) repairing of old wells, digging new wells and provision of major/minor irrigation facilities, (c) adoption of qualitative high-yielding seeds, manures, fertilizers, use of tractors etc., (d)provision of credit facilities for the development of animal husbandry, poultry farming, fishery, soil conservation etc. and (e) growth of vegetable sand plants etc.

17. Activities of community development 2. Organisation: Organisation of ‘co-operative service societies’, multi-purpose cooperative societies, ‘marketing co-operatives’ and other types of people’s institutions. 3. Education: Attaching importance to primary education, adult education and social education with the aim of expanding the mental horizon of the rural life. 4. Employment: For solving the problem of rural unemployment, attempts have been made for the setting up of small scale and cottage industries. 5. Health Services: Provision for mobile, permanent dispensaries, arrangements for maternal care, medical aid during pregnancy, midwife service, child care etc.

18. Continued.... 6. Communication: Repair of old roads, construction of new roads and arrangement for transportation and communication facilities. 7. Vocational training: Imparting vocational training in the field of tailoring, embroidery, carpentry etc. 8. Supply of drinking water: Attempting to provide safe drinking water by repairing old wells or constructing new ones. 9. Social welfare: Social welfare activities include rehabilitation of old, disabled and destitute, provision for better housing, organisation of sports, promotion of cultural activities etc.

19. Brief history of community development in India

20. History of Evolution The concept of community development in India was initiated well before independence Even during the struggle for independence, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi - the Father of the Nation 1935 Under the British Rule, while confirming autonomy on the provinces, included rural development as an important programme to be initiated for the welfare of the people The aim was to generate gainful employment in rural areas and to improve the quality of life 1941 Mahatma Gandhi advocated communal harmony, economic equity, social equality, de-addiction from alcohol and narcotics, promotion of ‘khadi’ (hand spun and hand woven cloth) and village industries, sanitation, health care, education and empowerment of women. 1943 Bengal Famine ,the outbreak of World War II, food supply was a critical problem in most parts of the country 1948 A pilot community development project was launched through the Etawah Project 1949 Fiscal Commission and the Grow More Food Enquiry Committee - supply of free Major Provisions: Providing of seed Subsidies for construction of wells. fixing a minimum price for grain. Abolition of Zamindari System October 2, 1952 The CDP was launched on the birth-day of Mahatma Gandhi

21. CDP-1952 Brief rural reconstruction scheme undertaken by the government of free India Described as the ‘magna carta’ of hope and happiness for two-thirds of India’s population Testament of emancipation, the declaration of war on poverty, ignorance, and disease under which millions have been groaning Its successful execution will bring back to village economic prosperity , bring both outward and inward grace to the Indian village The CDP of the present form is, in the main, an American concept It is, in a way, the culmination of the economics of rural reconstruction as learnt and developed in the US with its practical usefulness justified under the Indian conditions Emerged out of the experiments made at Etawah and Gorakhpur under the inspiration of Albert Meyers It is intended to apply it to the concept of the village community as a whole, cutting across caste, religious and economic differences.

22. Who runs CDP? or Implementation of CDP

23. Level     Administrative Head (Government)   Non-Official Head Nation     Planning Commission/ Niti Aayog Prime Minister / Chairman Planning Commission State     Development Commissioner Consultative Committee District     District Collector / Chief Executive Officer, Z.P. Chairman District Development Committee Block       Block Development Officer President Panchayat Samiti Village   Village Level Worker/ Gram Sewak / VDO Chairman Gram Panchayat lay down broad policies and to provide general supervision, economic development. This department prepared national basis programmes, budgeting, directing and coordinating throughout the country National Level State Development Committee, presided over by the chief minister and consists of all ministers of development departments. The Development Commissioner acted as Secretary to this committee - receive programme guidance from the centre and report progress and suggestions to the centre, maintained an administration relationship with the District Collector State Level Administration of CDP-1952, Prior to Panchayat Raj

24. District Level - district collector- chairman of the DDC, assisted by BDOs, DDC consists of all Heads of Department in the district Block Level – Headed by BDO, who is assisted by a team of experts in agriculture, cooperation, animal husbandry, cottage industries BDC consists of representatives of panchayats , cooperatives, progressive farmers, social workers, MPs , MLAs Village Level – VLW or Gram Sevak , acts as multi purpose man- incharge of about 7 to 10 villages. He is incharge of both village and family development. Last person in the chain

25. Level of analysis

26. Exercise 5 Define level of analysis according to various systems and finally to CDP

27. Who is holding us back? No attempt has been made to relate the block development plans to local problems and needs Caste system prevailing in India has made a mockery of democracy. Bureaucracy in India is proverbially negative in attitude and impervious to any innovation. The failure of the Community Development Programme is attributed to the lack of harmony among various departments of the government.

28. Exercise-6 Read out those reasons in your simple language And brief 5 minute discussion