1.4 the harmful effects of microorganism

1. THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF MICROORGANISM

2. PATHOGENS Some microorganism have harmful effect ( kesan buruk ) on human and other living things. They can cause diseases ( penyakit ) So they are called as pathogens…

3. T PATHOGENS Live in the host cells Caused disease ( menyebabkan penyakit ) in 2 ways Produced poisonous ( menghasilkan racun ) Called toxins – can destroy host cells - boleh memusnahkan sel perumah Attack and destroy host cells and body tissues

4. Disease caused by bacteria Examples of diseases are Tuberculosis Cholera Gonorrhea Syphilis

5. TUBERCULOSIS

6. TUBERCULOSIS Also known as TIBI. Caused by Bacilli ( rod shaped) bacteria Mainly affect Lungs Also affect Lymph nodes, Bones Joins Symptoms Severe coughing ( batuk teruk ) Chest pain ( sakit dada) Fever ( demam ) Sweating at night ( berpeluh waktu malam ) Fatigue ( saikt sendi ) Weight loss Lost of appetite ( hilang selera )

7. CHOLERA

8. Cholera Caused by Vibrios ( bent rod-shaped) bacteria Way of transmitted by water food that has been contaminated with the faeces of people who have the disease Way of infected bacteria enters intestines and release toxin That people will suffer from severe diarrhea ( cirit birit teruk ) Symptoms vomit fatigue Dead

9. Genorrhea Is a sexually transmitted disease ( penyakit yang dipindahkan melalui hubungan seksual ) Caused by cocci bacteria Spread from person to person

10. Gonorrhea In men Infect the urethra of male reproductive organ After 1 to 14 days of infections burning sensation when urinating accompanied with some discharge ( heavy ,thick, yellow)

11. In women Starts inside the vagina Caused some discharge from vagina painful urination Bacteria may spread and lead to steriility

12. Syphilis Is a sexually transmitted disease ( penyakit yang dipindahkan melalui hubungan seksual ) Caused by spirilla bacteria

13. The symptoms Small, red pimples at the site of infection on the reproductive organ Rash ( ruam ) may appear on many parts of the body especially………..

14. Other symptoms Fever Headaches Hair loss Also attack brain, heart, skin, bones, spinal cord Blindness, deafness, mental illness, heart failure, paralysis, bone deformities

15. Disease caused by viruses common cold Dengue fever Hepatitis acquired immune deficiency syndrome

16. COMMON COLD

17. COMMON COLD Caused by Viral infections Infected Mucous membrane of nose, throat, air passage and lung Symptoms Stuffy nose ( hidung tersumbat ) Throat – soreness ( sakit tekak ) - hoarness ( parau ) Chill – menggigil Loss of appetite --- hilang selera makan Severe cold selsema teruk Fever Aches – berasa sakit sakit Pain through out the body

18. DENGUE FEVER Is caused by 4 distinct virus ( 4 virus berbeza ) that are carried by mosquitoes. Example of virus carried by mosquitoes, Flavivirus The female Aedes mosquitoes carried the virus and transmit the virus to human by biting.

19. Rash

20. Until now, still no medicine to cure medicine. Treatment usually include controlling the symptoms such as reducing the fever. Drinks lots of fluid and getting plenty of rest are needed too

21. AIDS Stand for Acquired immune Deficiency Syndrome It is contagious ( BOLEH BERJANGKIT) and fatal disease ( MEMBAWA MAUT) caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

22. HIV

23. WAYS OF INFECTION SHARING SYRINGES SEXUAL CONTACT WITH THE PATIENT

24. SYMPTOMS Enlarged lymph glands Tiredness Fever Loss of appetite and weight Diarrhea Yeast infections of mouth and vagina Pneumonia Yeast infections of esophagus, cytomegalovirus retinitis Kaposi’s sarcoma Tuberculosis

25. cytomegalovirus retinitis

26. Kaposi’s sarcoma

27. Tuberculosis

28. HEPATITIS It is a disease of liver Caused by alcohol, drugs and viruses

29. Symptoms Fatigue Poor appetite Nausea Pain in the abdomen ( over the liver) Urine become dark Jaundice ( yellow skin colour ) Liver failure Dead Cirrhosis

30. Cirrhosis

31. Cirrhosis

32. Disease caused by fungi 2 common fungal disease tinea ringworm

33. Tinea White spot on facial skin, body, hands and feet Infected area looks brighter than the uninfected area

34. Ringworm Caused by tiny fungi Itching or may not be a symptoms

35. Symptoms Small red area Grow larger day by day Inside of area is clear Eruptions appears as a red, scaly ring Attacks…. Neck, back, chest, abdomen

36. Athlete’s foot

37. Athlete’s foot

38. Disease caused by protozoa Malaria

39. MALARIA Caused by protozoan called Plasmodium Transmitted by female Anopheles mosquito

40. Symptoms Fever – 41.4 c Headache Muscular pain Nausea Feeling chill Perspires ( berpeluh ) Feel better but weak Die

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