1. Arithmetic Operations - Addition and subtraction of signed numbers.pptx

addition

1. 20CS307 - COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE UNIT – II ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS Arithmetic Operations - Addition and subtraction of signed numbers

2. Fixed Point Number Representation The Fixed Point / Integer Numbers are represented in to two forms they are Signed Integer and Unsigned Integer. Signed Integer Number Represents Negative Numbers MSB 1 Unsigned Integer Number Represents Positive Numbers MSB

3. The left most bit (sign bit) in the binary number represents sign of the number. MSB is 1 the number represents negative number. MSB is 0 the number represents positive number.

4. One’s Complement Representation In the 1’s complement representation, negative numbers are obtained by complementing each bit of the corresponding positive number.

5. WHAT IS FULL ADDER The full adder accepts two inputs bits and an input carry and generates a sum output and an output carry . The full-adder circuit adds three one-bit binary numbers (Cin, A ,B) and outputs two one-bit binary numbers, a sum (S) and a carry (Cout). The full- adder is usually a component in a cascade of adders, which add 8, 16, 32, etc. binary numbers .

6. C I R C U I T D I A G R A M F O R F U L L ADDER • A B S SUM C CARRY C IN

7. T R U T H T A B L E F O R F U L L A D D E R Three input A,B,C carry Two output C 0ut ,Sum

8. F U L L A D D E R The full adder is usually drawn in a shorthand notation: A FULL ADDER C CARR B S SU C IN Y M

9. Arithmetic Operations Arithmetic Instructions in digital Computers manipulate data to produce results necessary for the solutions of computational problems. These instructions perform arithmetic calculations and are responsible for the bulk of activity involved in processing data in a computer The four basic arithmetic operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. From these four basic operations, it is possible to formulate other arithmetic functions and solve problems by means of numerical analysis methods. An arithmetic processor is the part of a processor unit that executes arithmetic operations. An arithmetic instruction may specify binary or decimal data, and in each case the data may be in fixed-point or floating point form. Negative number may be in signed magnitude or signed compliment representation. Fixed point numbers may represents integers or fractions.

10. Basic Operation

11. Subtraction of two Signed Binary Numbers

12. Example

13. Example

14. 2’s Complement

15. Ternary Conversion