1. BD PPT.pptx

Biodiversity

1. By Dr.Thirunahari Ugandhar Asst Prof of Botany Govt. Degree College Mahabubabad-506101 (T.S.)

2. National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) The National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) has its Headquarters at New Delhi, located at a latitude of 28° 35′ N, longitude of 70° 18′ E and an altitude of 226 m above mean sea level. The Bureau draws guidelines from the Crop Science Division of ICAR, Institute Management Committee, Research Advisory Committee, Institute Research Council and Germplasm Advisory Committees.

3. The Bureau has four Divisions, two units, four cells and an experimental farm at its Headquarters in New Delhi and 10 Regional Stations located in different phyto -geographical zones of the country. Besides, a National Research Centre on DNA Fingerprinting and an All India Coordinated Research Network Project on Under-utilized Crops are located in the Bureau

4. Plant Exploration and Germplasm Collection Division has the objective to plan, coordinate and conduct explorations for collecting germplasm. Germplasm Evaluation Division is entrusted with the prime responsibility of characterization and evaluation of all the indigenous and exotic germplasm collections for their field performance and other important traits like resistance to biotic/ abiotic stresses and phytochemical attributes along with maintenance and regeneration . This Division has an experimental farm at Issapur about 45 km from the main campus covering an area of 40 ha. Germplasm Conservation Division is vested with the task of conservation of germplasm of various crop plants, and to undertake basic research on various aspects of seed storage and longevity

5. Plant Quarantine Division has the power vested by Plant Protection Advisor to the Government of India, under the Plant Quarantine (Regulation of Import into India) Order 2003, of the Destructive Insects and Pests Act (1914) to carry out quarantine of the plant germplasm including transgenics imported for research purposes. It also undertakes the quarantine of material under export and issues phytosanitary certificates. Further, the Division undertakes supportive research pertaining to detection and identification of pests as well as development of suitable quarantine treatments .

6. To facilitate the imports, the Bureau also undertakes the preparation of draft Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) for germplasm as per International Plant Protection Convention norms. Germplasm Exchange Unit has the responsibility of introducing genetic resources of diverse crop plants and their wild relatives and distributing the same within the country, and also export the germplasm. There is a Tissue Culture and Cryopreservation Unit, with the main objective to conserve economic plants through in vitro and cryopreservation techniques, for which conventional methods of storage are unsuccessful or inadequate. In addition, the Bureau has four cells, namely PGR Policy. IPR, Agriculture Research Information System and Technical Cell

7. There are facilities for DNA fingerprinting of released varieties and genetic stocks of crop plants of India. The centre has worked with the objectives of standardization of molecular marker systems for DNA profiling and their application in variety identification . It has developed diagnostics for detection of transgenes in crop plants. The NBPGR Headquarters with the network of 10 Regional Stations (Fig. 4.3) covering different agro-climatic zones, and the linkages with 56 National Active Germplasm Sites constitute the Indian Plant Genetic Resource Management System ( IPGeRMS ).

8. The list of 56 NAGS is given in Table 4.4:

9. Mandate: 1 . To plan, organize, conduct and coordinate plant explorations for collection of genetic diversity with particular reference to native and naturalized crops and their wild relatives in India and in specific cases abroad . 2. To undertake introduction, distribution, exchange and quarantine of plant germplasm for research purposes. 3. To characterize, evaluate and document germplasm collections of agri -horticultural crops and their wild relatives. Develop and operate National Database for storage and retrieval of information on plant genetic resources, farmers’ knowledge, innovations, practices and ethno-botanical knowledge.

10. To promote safe conservation of plant genetic resources on a long-term basis using ex- situ methods and in-situ on farm conservation of landrace diversity (agro-biodiversity) in collaboration with other national/international organizations. 5. To conduct basic researches in the area of biosystematics, germplasm conservation and characterization for providing a sound scientific backup to Bureau’s services and to develop the National Programme on Plant Genetic Resources. 6 . To undertake teaching and training on plant genetic resources for postgraduate students linked with PG School, IARI; to organize suitable training programmes at the regional, national and international levels. 7. To act as sole repository of all notified/released varieties along with herbarium specimens with relevant information and original/parental lines.

11. Objectives: 1. Exploration and collection of the crop genetic wealth of the region. 2. Evaluation and maintenance of the crop genetic resources suited to this region. 3. Characterization, documentation and cataloguing of plant genetic resources. 4. Identification and distribution of promising germplasm for their utilization in crop improvement programme.

12. Regional Station, Hyderabad: This regional station was established initially as Plant Quarantine Station in ARI campus of Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University at Rajendranagar , Hyderabad to cater to the needs of plant quarantine clearance work particularly on five mandate crops of ICRISAT and paddy international trial material received from IRRI, Philippines meant for research organizations in south India. A modest beginning was made in 1977, by taking possession of 16 acres of land that was provided by the University. Central Plant Protection and Training Institute in collaboration with Directorate of Rice Research was authorized to take up the plant quarantine clearance work until the establishment of PQRS of NBPGR in 1985

13. Plant Germplasm” was instituted at the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New Delhi by the ICAR for registration of valuable sovereign genetic resources with known characteristics. This mechanism is envisaged to serve as the recognised tool for registration of PGRFA at national level. This would also provide facilitated access to the developed or identified potentially valuable germplasm for utilisation in crop improvement programmes. Since the institution of this mechanism, 13 meetings have been held and a total of 403 germplasm belonging to 75 crop species have been registered. The revision of the guidelines is an effort towards simplification and inclusion of provision required as per the changing scenario for submission of application and seed/genetic material. The details on guidelines on germplasm registration and application form can be downloaded from the site www(dot) nbpgr (dot) ernet (dot)in.