1.-General-Physics-PPT-1.pptx Senior High School

This presentation covers the fundamentals of General Physics 1, perfect for senior high school and college students. It provides a clear introduction to basic physics concepts, laws, and principles that serve as the foundation for further studies in science and engineering. Designed for easy learning, this material can be used for classroom lectures, study reviews, or self-paced learning.

1. How big is an object? How much mass does it have? How far did it travel? How????

2. Measurements are expressed in units.

3. Measurement units are standardized.

4. Standardized- to make things of the same type all have the same basic features.

5. T he length of a race can be expressed in meters (for sprinters) or kilometers (for long distance runners).

6. The length of a ruler can be expressed in centimeters, inches, millimeters.

7. Without standardized units, it would be extremely difficult for scientists to express and compare measured values in a meaningful way.

8. Physical Quantity Is a physical property that can be quantified by measurement .

9. Physical Quantity All physical quantities in the International System of Units (SI) are expressed in terms of combinations of seven fundamental physical units.

10. Seven Fundamental Physical Units: Length M ass T ime E lectric current T emperature A mount of a substance L uminous intensity

11. Seven Fundamental Physical Units: Length M ass T ime E lectric current T emperature A mount of a substance L uminous intensity

12. SI Units: Fundamental and Derived Units There are two major systems of units used in the world:  SI units  (acronym for the French Le Système International d ’ Unités , also known as the metric system ), and   English units  (also known as the imperial system ).

13. SI Units: Fundamental and Derived Units English units were historically used in nations once ruled by the British Empire. Today, the United States is the only country that still uses English units extensively.

14. SI Units: Fundamental and Derived Units All other units are made by mathematically combining the fundamental units. These are called derived units.

15. SI Units: Fundamental and Derived Units Derived units a re units of measurement that are created by combining base units (like meters, kilograms, seconds) through multiplication, division, or other mathematical operations. 

16. Metric Prefixes Physical objects or phenomena may vary widely. For example, the size of objects varies from something very small (like an atom) to something very large (like a star).

17. Metric System VS. Non-metric System The metric system is convenient because conversions between metric units can be done simply by moving the decimal place of a number. This is because the metric prefixes are sequential powers of 10. There are 100 centimeters in a meter , 1000 meters in a kilometer , and so on.

18. Metric System VS. Non-metric System While, in non- metric system the relationships are less simple—there are 12 inches in a foot , 5,280 feet in a mile , 4 quarts in a gallon , and so on.

19. Metric System VS. Non-metric System

20. Metric System VS. Non-metric System Another advantage of the metric system is that the same unit can be used over extremely large ranges of values simply by switching to the most-appropriate metric prefix.

21. Metric System VS. Non-metric System For example, distances in meters are suitable for building construction, but kilometers are used to describe road construction.

22. Metric System VS. Non-metric System Therefore, with the metric system , there is no need to invent new units when measuring very small or very large objects— you just have to move the decimal point (and use the appropriate prefix).

23. *Unit Conversion and Dimensional Analysis*

24. *Unit Conversion and Dimensional Analysis*

25. Example: 7kg = __________ g 18kg = ________g 42 dg = _______ mg 36hg= ________ dg 52 mg= _______ g 12 cg = _______ dag

26. Dimensional Analysis Also known as factor label method or unit factor method .

27. Metric System VS. Non-metric System

28. Conversion factor: A weightlifter can lift 495lbs. How many kg is that?

29. Conversion factor: A certain car has a mass of 1902 kg. How many tons is that?

30. Using Scientific Notation with Physical Measurements Scientific notation   is a way of writing numbers that are too large or small to be conveniently written as a decimal.

31. Using Scientific Notation with Physical Measurements For example, consider the number 840,000,000,000,000 . It’s a rather large number to write out. The scientific notation for this number is 8.40  ×  10 14 .

32. Using Scientific Notation with Physical Measurements Scientific notation follows this general format x   ×   10y x  is the value of the measurement with all placeholder zeros removed The  x  is multiplied by a factor, 10 y , which indicates the number of placeholder zeros in the measurement. Placeholder zeros are those at the end of a number that is 10 or greater, and at the beginning of a decimal number that is less than 1.

33. Using Scientific Notation with Physical Measurements Scientific notation follows this general format x   ×   10y In the example 8.4 x 10, x= 8.4 ; factor = 10 ( This tells you that you should move the decimal point 14 positions to the right , filling in placeholder zeros as you go.) 14 14

34. EXERCISES: 0.0000045 1.5 x 10 5 27 000 0.000 345 5.6 x 10 -2

35. A. Express the following numbers in scientific notation. 98 0.0026 0.0000401 643.9 816 45800 0.0068 5600 902 10. 0.0045

36. B . Transform the following scientific notation to standard notation 6.455 x 10 4 3.1 x 10 -6 5.00 x 10 -2 7.2 x 10 3 9 x 10 5 7.4 x 10 -3 9.3 x 10 2 2.5 x 10 -4 4.01 x 10 1 10. 2.4 x 10