1.Introduction to orthodonti hhhgghhcs.pptx

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1. Introduction to Orthodontics

2. Instruments Adam’s pliers Bird beak pliers Heavy wire cutter Geometry box Wax knife Wax carver

3. The word ORTHO stands for straight & DONTICS means teeth It is the branch of dentistry that specializes in DIAGNOSIS, PREVENTION & TREATMENT of dental and facial irregularities What Is Orthodontics?

4. Malocclusion Deviation from accepted normal occlusion OR Malalignment of the teeth

5. What does Orthodontic deal with? Aesthetics

6. What does Orthodontic deal with? Function

7. Aesthetic Function & Stability What does Orthodontic deal with?

8. Adults and children both seek orthodontic treatment for: Malocclusion (incorrect bite) Tooth alignment (crooked teeth) Improvement of overall appearance Who Needs Orthodontic Treatment?

9. Branches of Orthodontics Preventive Orthodontics : action taken to preserve the integrity of what appears to be a normal occlusion at a specific time. Interceptive Orthodontics : Any procedure that eliminates or reduces the severity of malocclusion in the developing dentition Corrective Orthodontics Existing malocclusions & the need for employing mechanics to reduce / eliminate the malocclusion

10. Preventive procedures Caries control Parent counseling/education Space maintenance Timely Exfoliation of deciduous teeth Abnormal frenal attachments Checkup for oral habits and habit breaking appliance if necessary Treatment of locked permanent first molars Occlusal equilibrium if there are any occlusal prematurities Supernumeraries management Management of ankylosed teeth

11. Interceptive orthodontics Space Regaining Space supervision Serial extraction Correction of developing cross bite Control of habits Removal of soft tissue or bony barrier to enable eruption of teeth

12. Orthodontic Appliances

13. Fixed Appliances

14. Removable appliances

15. Functional Appliances

16. Overbite – The upper front teeth cover too much (more than 30%) of the lower front teeth. Also called a deep bite. This may be seen in a Class I or II malocclusion. Examples of Malocclusion

17. Overjet – causes “ buckteeth ” . The upper front teeth are positioned too far forward (normal distance between upper and lower front teeth is 1-3 mm). This is typical in Class II maloclussion. Examples of Malocclusion

18. Reverse Bite – causes a “ bulldog ” appearance. The lower front teeth are positioned in front of the upper front teeth. This is seen in Cass III malocclusions. Examples of Malocclusion

19. Crossbite – The upper teeth should overlap the lower teeth slightly when the jaws are closed. When this does not occur, it is called a crossbite. May occur in any class of malocclusion. Examples of Malocclusion

20. Open bite – open space exists between upper and lower teeth when jaws are closed. Often caused by thumbsucking, seen in all classes of malocclusion. Examples of Malocclusion

21. Midline shift – the center of the upper front teeth is not aligned with the center of the lower front teeth. Can be seen in all classes of malocclusion. Examples of Malocclusion

22. The jaws of pre-teens and teens are still growing. Therefore, it is easier to shift teeth at this stage. Sometime, two separate phases of braces are necessary for treatment. Phase I – when patients are 6 to 7 years old, to make room for the permanent teeth to erupt properly Phase II – at age 12 (or when permanent teeth have erupted) a second round of braces are applied to straighten teeth and correct bite. When is the best time for ortho? It is becoming more common for adults to seek orthodontic treatment. Their treatment may take longer to complete.

23. An incorrect bite can have long-term effects including: Interference with normal growth and development of jaws Difficulty swallowing Impaired chewing Speech defects Susceptibility to cavities and gum disease Poor aesthetics Why does malocclusion need correction?

24. Dentoalveolar disproportions Skeletal discrepancy Growing Patients Growth Modification Adult Patients Orthognathic Surgery

25. Dentoalveolar Disproportions what does that mean Crowding spacing

26. Treatment of Missing teeth Where are they? Impacted Missing Extracted for decay or periodontal Disease

27. Skeletal discrepancy Growing Patients Growth Modification Functional Appliances

28. Skeletal discrepancy Adults Patients Treatment for skeletal discrepancies where functional appliances have failed OR Patient wanting treatment in an adult Combined approach with maxillofacial surgery Orthognathic Surgery

29. Step vise sequence of studying Orthodontics Growth & development Basics of tooth movement Occlusion & malocclusion Different types of malocclusions Appliances Removable , functional , fixed Treatment of maloccusions Extraction V Non-Extraction Surgical treatment of malocclusion Orthodontic treatment in different age groups Interaction of orthodontics with other disciplines of dentistry Dentofacial deformities Syndromes & Cleft lip & palate

30. Recommended Books Contemporary Orthodontics by W R Proffit Hand book of Orthodontics by Laura Mitchell

31. Thank you