1. Introduction to Thermodynamics and heat .pptx

thermodynamics

1. Course: Thermal Engineering( MEC216) Major Topic: Introduction to Thermodynamics Sub Topics: Overview of the course Definition of Thermodynamics Applications of Thermodynamics System and Surroundings Type of Systems Difference between Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer Prepared By: Sudhanshu Dogra Assistant Professor/COD(Thermal Engineering) UID: 16900 School of Mechanical Engineering Lovely Professional University

2. Overview of the course(Unit-wise detail) Unit-1: In troduction to thermodynamics Unit-2: Energy analyses of systems Unit-3: Air standard and gas power cycles Unit-4: Fundamentals of heat transfer Unit-5: Convection heat transfer Unit-6: Radiation heat transfer in aerospace engineering Books: Thermodynamics – An Engineering Approach By CENGEL, Y. A. And BOLES, M. A. 7 th Edition, McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2011. Heat Transfer By Holman, J. P., McGraw Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, 6 th Edition, 1991

3. Thermodynamics Definition: Thermodynamics is a branch of science which deals with energy transfer and its effects on physical properties of substances. OR Thermodynamics is the science that deals with the interaction between energy and material systems. OR It is the branch of physical science that deals with the relations between heat and other forms of energy.

4. Applications of Thermodynamics There are so many applications of Thermodynamics. Some are given below: 1) Steam power plant: It is a type of power plant in which power is produced in the form of electricity with the help of steam. It comprises of four components: Boiler, Turbine, Condenser and Pump. Working principle: In this firstly steam is produced in boiler , which then enters the turbine where it produces electricity due to the rotation of turbine blades. Then after producing electricity, it then enters the condenser where it again get converted into liquid and through pump It gets back to the boiler and the cycle repeats itself. It can easily be seen that in all the components there is interaction of energies. Like in case of Turbine heat energy of steam is converted into mechanical energy of rotation of blades of turbine.

5. Contd… 2) Internal Combustion engine: IC engine as it called generally is a type of engine which is used in transport vehicles like Cars, Buses etc. In this fuel is burned and energy from the burning of fuel is transferred to piston which in turns rotate wheels and moves the automobile. In this heat energy is converted into mechanical energy of the rotation of wheels.

6. Contd… 3) Domestic Refrigerator: It is a device which keeps the temperature of system lower than that of surroundings. It comprises of four components namely: Evaporator, Compressor, Condenser and Expansion device. In all the devices/components energy interactions are there. 4) Room Air conditioner.

7. Thermodynamic System, Boundary and Surroundings System: A system is a finite quantity of matter or a prescribed region of space where we concentrate for our analysis. Boundary: The actual or hypothetical envelope enclosing the system is the boundary of the system. Surroundings: Everything external to the system in Universe comes under Surroundings. System + Surroundings = Universe. Control Volume: For an open system, attention is focused on a certain volume in space surrounding the system if the size of system in quite large.

8. Type of Systems There are three types of systems: 1) Open System: It is a type of system which allows the transfer of both mass and energy into or out from the system boundary. e.g. Air compressor. 2) Closed System: It is a type of system which only allows the transfer of energy but do not allow transfer of mass into or out from the system boundary. e.g. Cylinder-Piston arrangement. 3) Isolated System: It is a type of system which neither allow energy nor allows mass into or out from the system boundary. e.g. Thermos flask. System Energy Mass Open Closed Isolated

9. Schematic of Open, Closed and Isolated System Open System Closed System Isolated system

10. Contd…

11. Difference between Thermodynamics and Heat transfer "Thermodynamics" deals with the amount of energy in form of heat or work during a process and only considers the end states in equilibrium . It will not give information about how long it will take to reach to the final state in equilibrium. While "Heat Transfer" deals with the rate of energy transfer thus, it gives idea of how long a heat transfer will occur? Heat transfer deals with time and non equilibrium phenomena. Heat can only transfer when there is a temperature gradient exists in a body and which is indication of non equilibrium phenomena.

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