1-.NET Introduction.pptx

NET Introduction

1. ' ASP.NET

2. What is .NET It is an open source platform developed by Microsoft for building many types of applications A .NET application can be developed in multiple languages, using different editors and libraries Some of the languages are C#, F#, Visual C++, Visual Basic etc It is tool to build and run C# programs and other language programs When .NET is downloaded, many other programs are downloaded that t ranslate code into instructions that are understandable by the computer It also provide utilities for building software It d efines a set of data types to store information in programs

3. .NET Versions There are few versions of .NET to do a particular job under different platforms/ environments .NET framework is the original version of .NET that only runs on Windows platform .NET core is the new cross-platform version of .NET that runs on Windows, MacOS and LINUX computers

4. Languages in .NET .NET application can be written in C#, F# or Visual Basic C# is a simple, modern, object-oriented and type safe programming language F# is a programming language that makes it easy to write concise, robust and performant code Visual Basic is an approachable language with a simple syntax for building type-safe object-oriented apps

5. Cross-platform The code developed in any of the language will run natively on any compatible operating system Many types of apps can be developed with .NET. Some are cross platform and some target-specific set of operating systems and devices

6. .NET Classes and API .NET provides a standard set of base class libraries and API's that are common to all .NET applications Each application model can also expose additional API's that are specific to the operating system it runs on or the capabilities it provides For example: ASP.NET is the cross-platform web framework that provides additional API's for building web apps that runs on Windows or Linux

7. ASP.NET To build programs for the web like websites more tools are to added on top of .NET One of the popular tools is ASP.NET To keep .NET and ASP.NET separate, .NET is called a platform and ASP.NET is called a framework

8. .NET Strategy .NET is a software framework that includes everything required for developing software for web services It integrates presentation technologies, component technologies and data technologies on a single platform It enables users to develop internet applications as easily as on a desktop system

9. .NET Software Components Microsoft .NET software solution includes three key components Microsoft .NET Platform Microsoft .NET Products and Services Third-party .NET Services

10. .NET Platform Microsoft .NET platform includes the following components to help develop a new generation of smart Internet Services .NET infrastructure and tools .NET user experience .NET building block .NET device software

11. .NET Products and Services Microsoft .NET products and services consists of the following: Windows .NET MSN .NET Office .NET Visual Studio .NET Personal subscription services etc

12. Third Party Services Third-party .NET services will provide opportunities to a vast range of developers and users to produce corporate and vertical services using .NET platform

13. Technological Development of .NET The current technology of .NET has gone through three significant phases of development OLE Technology COM Technology .NET Technology

14. OLE Technology OLE technology was developed by Microsoft in the early 1990's to enable easy inter process communications OLE provided support to achieve the following To embed documents from one application into another application To enable one application to manipulate objects located in another application This enabled users to develop applications which required inter-operability between various products such as MS-Word and MS-Excel

15. COM Technology Before COM Technology the monolithic approach had been used for developing software When programs become too large and complex, this approach created problems in terms of maintainability and testing of software This problem was overcome by the introduction of component-based approach for developing software A program is broken into a number of independent components where each one offers a different functionality Each component can be developed and tested independently and then integrated into the main system This is known as Component Object Model (COM) and the software built using COM is referred to as componentware COM technology advantages are: Reduces the overall complexity of the software Enables distributed development environment across multiple departments or organizations Enhances software maintainability

16. . NET Technology .NET technology is a third generation component model It provides a new level of inter-operability compared to COM technology COM provides a standard binary mechanism for inter-module communication This is replaced by an Intermediate Language called (MSIL) or simply IL in the .NET technology Various .NET language compilers enforce inter-operability by compiling code into IL. IL is automatically compatible with other IL modules IL allows true cross-language integration In addition to IL , .NET includes a host of other technologies and tools that enables to develop and implement Web-based applications easily

17. .NET Framework It is a software development framework developed by Microsoft that provides a common programming platform for the development of applications such as Websites It was originally released with Microsoft's first version of its Windows OS in 1993 and has undergone various changes since then .NET framework is the tool provided by the .NET infrastructure and tools component of the .NET platform .NET platform provides a new environment for creating and running robust, scalable and distributed applications over the Web C# derives much of its power from .NET framework on which it runs

18. It is a collection of software components and API's for building and running applications on Microsoft's .NET platform This includes Windows, Windows Phone, Windows Server and other operating systems It provides a common programming model that developers can use to create programs that can run on multiple platforms It enables to write once and save it in different projects for different types of devices It also includes number of libraries that provide common functionality such as data access, controls and user interfaces These libraries make it easier to build applications that work across multiple platforms .NET Framework is a key component of the Microsoft .NET system and is available for free under an open source license

19. Features of .NET Framework It provides an environment for building, deploying and running web services and other applications. It consists of three distinct technologies Common Language Runtime (CLR) Framework base Classes User and Program Interfaces (ASP.NET and Winforms ) For the programs coded in any of the supported language CLR is the core of the .NET framework and is responsible for loading and execution of programs Base classes provide basic data types, collection classes and other general classes to be used by C# & any other languages The top layer consists of a set of classes for developing web services and to deal with the user interface

20. .NET Framework Architecture The architecture of .NET framework focuses on two things The framework code is largely independent of the language in which it is written. For eg : A framework written in C# can also call libraries written in C++ or other programming languages which makes it portable to other platforms Second goal is that it should be easy to adopt i.e. it is designed in such a way that it makes it easy to incorporate new features and new functionality into an existing program

21. The Key Components

22. WinForms It is a smart client technology for the .NET framework It is a free and open source GUI class library included as a part of .NET Framework to provide a platform for developing client side applications for desktop, laptop etc. It is a set of managed libraries that simplifies common application tasks such as reading and writing to the file systems

23. ASP.NET It is a server side technology and a web framework designed and developed by Microsoft It is used to develop dynamic websites, web applications and web services It provides an integration of HTML, CSS and Javascript

24. ADO.NET It is a module of .NET framework which is used to establish a connection between application and data sources Data sources can be SQL Server ADO.NET contains classes that can be used to connect, retrieve, insert and delete data

25. Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) of .NET CLI is a platform-independent development system from Microsoft that enables program written in different languages to run on different types of hardware CLI is an app development framework that is language-independent which makes it easier to port the application across different platforms It streamlines the process of migrating app across different platforms due to standard code structure, a single standard library, a single standard application deployment process across all platforms Developers do not have to worry about changing the language or syntax of their source code while switching from one platform to another CLI includes CTS and CLS It does not matter in what language the program is written, they are compiled into Intermediate Language which is further compiled into the target machine language by CLR

26. Common Type Systems(CTS) .NET framework provides multiple language support using the feature known as Common Type Systems that is built into the CLR A language supporting multiple data types is known as CTS. It standardizes the data types of all programming languages under the .NET umbrella CTS supports a variety of types and operations found in most programming languages and therefore calling one language from another does not require type conversions It defines how these types are declared, used and managed in the runtime It facilitates cross-language integration, type safety and high-performance code execution C# is specially designed for .NET platform , but a number of .NET programs in number of other languages including C ++ and Visual Basic can be build

27. Common Language Specifications(CLS) The CLS defines a set of rules that enables inter-operability on the .NET platform It defines a set of rules and restrictions that every language must follow which runs under the .NET framework The languages which follows this set of rules are said to be CLS compliant which enables cross-language integration These rules serves as a guide to third-party compiler designers and library builders CLS is a subset of CTS and therefore language supporting CLS can use each other's libraries as if they are own Application Program Interfaces(API's) that are designed following the rules of CLS can easily be used by all other .NET languages

28. Common Language Runtime(CLR) CLR is the core i.e. heart and soul of the .NET framework It is included during the installation of the framework When IIS is installed it is automatically installed It is a runtime environment in which programs written in C# and any other .NET languages are executed It also supports cross-language inter-operability Services provided by CLR are Loading and execution of programs Memory isolation for other programs Verification of type safety Compilation of IL into native executable code Providing metadata Memory management(automatic garbage collection) Enforcement of security Inter-operability with other systems Managing exceptions and errors Support for tasks such as debugging and profiling

29. CLR Activities when application is executed Source code is compiled into IL Metadata engine creates meta information IL & Metadata are linked with other native code if required and resultant code is saved During execution IL and any other requirement from the base class library are brought together by the class loader The combined code is tested for type safety Then it is compiled by the JIT(Just-in-time) compiler to produce native machine code which is sent to the run-time manager for execution

30. Microsoft Intermediate Language(MSIL) MSIL or IL is an instruction set into which all the .NET programs are compiled It is similar to assembly language and contains instructions for loading, storing, initializing and calling methods When a C# program or any other language program coded in CLS-compliant language, the source code is compiled into MSIL MSIL defines a set of portable instructions that are independent of any specific CPU. In essence, MSIL defines a portable assembly language. One other point: Although MSIL is similar in concept to Java’s bytecode, the two are not the same . It is the job of the CLR to translate the intermediate code into executable code when a program is run. Thus, any program compiled to MSIL can be run in any environment for which the CLR is implemented. This is part of how the .NET Framework achieves portability .

31. Managed Code CLR is responsible for managing the execution of code compiled in the .NET platform The code that is executed as per the specifications of the CLR during runtime is called the managed code Compilers that are compatible to .NET platform generates managed code For example: C# compiler generates managed code which is the IL code All manged code generated by C# compiler or any other compiler capable of generating managed code is called the IL code This IL code is then converted into native machine code by the JIT compilers

32. Unmanaged Code The opposite of managed code is unmanaged code. Unmanaged code does not execute under the Common Language Runtime and is executed by the Operating System All Windows programs prior to the creation of the .NET Framework uses unmanaged code. It is possible for managed code and unmanaged code to work together, so the fact that C# generates managed code does not restrict its ability to operate in conjunction with preexisting programs

33. Framework Class Library(FCL) It has some advance class libraries It is a superset of BCL It is a wider library that contains ASP.NET, WinForms, XML stack, ADO.NET

34. Framework Base Classes(BCL) Base Class Library(BCL) is also known as Class Library is a core class library It is a subset of Framework Class Library It is a collection of reusable types that are closely integrated with CLR These libraries can be used by simply instantiating them and invoking their methods OR Inheriting them through derived classes and thus extending their functionalities Many of the functionality in the base framework classes reside in the vast namespace called "System " The base classes of the "System" namespace can be used for Input/Output operations String Handling Manging arrays, lists, maps, etc. Accessing files and file systems

35. Accessing the registry Security Windowing Windows Messages Database management Evaluation of mathematical functions Drawing Managing Errors and exceptions Connecting to the internet etc.

36. User and Program Interfaces The following tools are provided by .NET Framework for managing user and application interfaces Windows forms Web Forms Console Applications Web Services These tools enable to develop user-friendly desktop-based as well as web-based applications using a wide variety of languages on the .NET platform

37. Visual Studio .NET Visual Studio .NET (VS .NET) supports an Integrated Development Environment(IDE) with a rich set of features and productivity tools These tools enables faster development of web-applications Using Web services and XML , a single environment is to be learnt, configured and is used irrespective of the language used No need to switch back and forth between environments to build, debug and deployment of code It provides tools that extends support to the development cycle It acts as a foundation for the life cycle platform

38. .NET Languages Following are some of the languages that can be used to build application in .nET environment C# (Specially created for .NET) C++ Visual Basic Jscript Third-party languages COBOL Eiffel Perl Python SmallTalk Mercury Scheme

39. Advantages of .NET approach Simple and faster system development Rich object model Enhanced built-in functionality Many different ways to communicate with the outside world Integration of different languages into one platform Easy deployment and execution Wide range of scalability Inter-operability with existing applications Simple and easy to build sophisticated development tools Fewer bugs Potentially better performance

40. C# and the .NET C# is a new programming language introduced with .NET It is a concise and elegant .NET language In many ways it is a version of the .NET object model With C# developers can quickly implement applications and components using the built-in capabilities of the .NET framework Since C# code is managed by the CLR it becomes leaner and safer than C++ To build program with C #, .NET platform is required

41. How C# Relates to the .NET Framework Although C# is a computer language that can be studied on its own, it has a special relationship to its runtime environment, the .NET Framework. The reason for this is twofold. First, C# was initially designed by Microsoft to create code for the .NET Framework. Second, the libraries used by C# are the ones defined by the .NET Framework. Thus, even though it is possible to separate C# the language from the .NET environment, the two are closely linked. Because of this, it is important to have a general understanding of the .NET Framework and why it is important to C#.

42. C# and the .NET CLR extend number of benefits to C# when it is implemented on the .NET platform which are as follows: Interoperability with other languages Enhanced security Versioning support Debugging support Automatic garbage collection XML support for Web-based applications