1.what is research1. PhD Education 2016

Education

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INTRODUCTION
TO
RESEARCH
Lecture: 1
Code:
Dr Rahim Khan

4. DrRahimKhanisRMinAFAQPeshawarPakistan.
HeisPh.DinEducationalPsychologyfromSrilankaand
M.A,M.EdfromPeshawaruniversitywhileDiplomain“
TheGlobalandExploringTeacher”fromLinkoping
universitySweden.
DrKhanhasdesignedanddevelopedmorethan24
Trainingmanualsforteachereducationandconducted
morethan500workshopsatnationalandabroadin
whichroundabout10,000teachers,principalsand
managersparticipated.
Hehasarichexperienceinprovidingeducational
consultanciestonationalandinternationalschoolsand
organizationssuchasUNICEF,AgaKhanandSRCS
etc.
NowadaysDrKhanisaleadauditorinEducational
Pre-auditsaswellascareercounselor.
RecentlytwobooksofDrKhanhavebeenpublished
fromGermany.

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6. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1.Define Research
2.Identify components of Research process
3.Discuss kinds of Research
4.Introduction to basic terms of Research
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7. ETYMOLOGY
•Thewordresearchisderivedfrom
theMiddleFrench"recherche",which
means"togoaboutseeking",
•thetermitselfbeingderivedfromtheOld
Frenchterm"recerchier"acompound
wordfrom"re-"+"cerchier",or"sercher",
meaning'search‘.Theearliestrecorded
useofthetermwasin1577.
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8. What is Research?
•Research is an organized and systematic
way of finding answers to the questions or
to investigate a problem in a scientific way.
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RESEARCH PROCESS:
1.Choosing the research problem
2.Reviewing relevant literature
3.Collection of data
4.Interpretation of data
5.Preparing the research report
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10. Steps in conducting research
•Identification of research problem
•Literature review
•Specifying the purpose of research
•Determine specific research questions or
hypotheses
•Data collection
•Analyzing and interpreting the data
•Reporting and evaluating research
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11. PROCESS COMPONENTS
1.Get started
2.Choose an area
3.Find research advisor
4.Begin research
5.Define your research (outline)
6.Identify thesis problem
7.Choose M.Phil/Ph.d committee
8.Complete dissertation (Thesis/paper/study)
9.Conduct research
10.Write dissertation
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12. RESEARCH STYLES
•ModernLanguageAssociation(MLA)and
theAmericanPsychologicalAssociation
(APA)arecommonstyleguidesusedfor
writingacademicpapers.
•WhereMLAisprimarilyusedintheliberal
arts,andhumanities;
•APAisusedwithinsocialsciences(e.g.
psychology,education,sociology).
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13. KINDS OF RESEARCH
Basic Research:
Itisdesignedtounderstandprinciples
behindhumanbehaviorforexampleyou
maytrytounderstandwhatmotivates
peopletoworkhardattheirjobs
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14. Applied Research:
Itisdesignedtosolveaparticularproblem
inaparticularcircumstancesuchas
determiningthecauseoflowmoraleina
department.
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KINDS OF RESEARCH

15. KINDS OF RESEARCH
Quantitative Research:
Itmeasuresvariableswithsomeprecision
usingnumericalscalesasyoumay
measuresapersonweightorheight.You
mayuselikertscaletoknowthecausesby
rating.
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16. KINDS OF RESEARCH
Qualitative Research:
Itisbasedondirectobservationof
behaviororinterviewsandrecordings.For
exampleyoumayinterviewtenteachers
abouttheirteachingmethods.
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17. KINDS OF RESEARCH
Exploratory Research:
Itresearchesintotheunknown.Itisused
whenyouareinvestigatingsomethingbut
notcompletelysurewhatyouarelooking
for.
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18. KINDS OF RESEARCH
Confirmatory Research:
whereyouhaveaprettyideawhat’sgoing
on.Thatisyouhaveatheoryandthe
objectivesoftheresearchistofindoutif
thetheoryissupportedbythefacts.
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BASIC TERMS
•synopsis
A brief summary or précis/abstract/outline
•Thesis
The original statement of an idea
•Antithesis
An argument to challenge a previous thesis
often draws on new data
•Synthesis
A new argument from existing sources
Typically, resolves the apparentcontradiction
between a thesis and an antithesis

20. Difference between
Thesis And Dissertation
•A thesis involves conducting original
research.
•A dissertation is usually done with already
existing research work which may require
you to add your own thoughts to it.
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21. If you are in the US:Dissertation is
written if your are pursuing your career in
PhD and you write a thesis if you are
doing your Master’s.
If you are in the UK:It is the reverse. You
write your thesis to obtain a Doctorate
degree and dissertation to complete your
Master's program.
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BUT……………….

22. Conclusion
Dissertation and thesis are both meant to
be research papers which act as a ladder
to achieving your lower or higher degrees.
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