112. Mansi Zimre pharmaceutical engineering

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1. Difference between solid and liquid mixing Name: Mansi Zimre Roll no: 112 Subject : Pharmaceutical engineering

2. Contents Objectives, applications & factors affecting mixing, Difference between solid and liquid mixing, mechanism of solid mixing, liquids mixing and semisolids mixing. Principles, Construction, Working, uses, Merits and Demerits of- Propellers , Turbines , Paddles Double cone blender & Twin shell blender Ribbon blender Sigma blade mixer Planetary M ixers Silverson Emulsifier

3. Introduction An operation in which two or more components (in a separate or roughly mixed condition) are treated so that each particle lies as nearly as possible in contact with a particle of each of the other ingredients. Or The process that tends to result in a randomization of dissimilar particles within a system Ideal mix is the one in which the particle of one substance lies nearly adjacent as possible to a particle of other material

4. Mixing

5. Mixing is divided into two categories Homogenous mixing Solid- Solid Liquid- Iiquid Gas- Gas Heterogenous Mixing Solid- Liquid Solid- Gas Liquid gas

6. Objectives of Mixing To ensue uniformity of composition between mixed ingredients To enhance the Physical or chemical reactions To produce simple physical mixture: This may be simply the production of a blend of two or more miscible liquids or two or more uniformly divided solids. In pharmaceutical practice the degree of mixing must commonly be of high order as many such mixtures are dilutions of a potent substances, and correct dosage must be ensured. To produce physical change: Here mixing may aim at producing a change that is physical as clear from chemical, e.g. solution of a soluble substance. In such cases, a lower efficiency of mixing with often be acceptable because mixing merely accelerates a process that could occur by diffusion, without agitation. To produce dispersion: This includes dispersion of two immiscible liquids to form an emulsion or dispersion of a solid in a liquid to give a suspension or paste. Usually good mixing is required to ensure stability. To promote chemical Reaction: Mixing usually encourage (and control at the same time) a chemical reaction. So ensuring uniform product, e.g. products where accurate adjustment to pH is required and the degree of mixing will depend on the process.

7. Types of Mixture

8. Positive Mixture Mixing of soluble solid or liquid in another liquid

9. Negative Mixture Mixing of insoluble solid or liquid in another liquid

10. Neutral Mixture The components of these mixture do not mix spontaneously with each other but do not separate once mixed. Eg. Paste or Ointments

11. Application of Mixing Mixing of powder in varying proportions prior to granulation and tableting Dry mixing of the material for direct compression in tablet Dry blending of powder in capsule and compound powder (insufflation). Blending of powders in cosmetics in the preparation of face powder, tooth powders. Dissolution of soluble solids in viscous liquid for dispensing in soft capsule and in preparation of syrup. Mixing of two immiscible liquid for preparation of emulsion.

12. factors affecting mixing, Nature of surface Particle size Particle shape Particle charge Density of particle Proportion of material

13. Difference between solid and liquid mixing