12.chapter 3. Lecfure one CATARACT inppt

Ophtalomolgy lectures for puplic health

1. CATARACT
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3. Definition:
Cataract is An eye disease that involves
the clouding or opacification of the
natural lens of the eye.
A lens disease which results:
Change of lens transparency
Opacity of the crystalline lens
Cataract is also called the turbidity of lens
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Cataract

5. EPIDEMIOLOGY
Around 19.34 million people are
bilaterally blind (less than 3/60 in the
better eye) from age related cataract.
This represents 43% of all blindness.
- The number of blind people in the
world and the proportion due to
cataract is increasing due to:
• Population growth
• Increasing longevity.
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6. EPIDEMIOLOGY
This increase in the elderly population
will result in a greater number of the
people with visual loss and blindness
from cataract that will need eye
services.
 A figure of 1000 new blind people
from cataract per million populations
per year is used for planning purpose
in developing countries.
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7. WHAT IS CATARACT?
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8. ETIOLOGY
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1.Any factors that change the intraocular
environment to affect lens metabolism.
Such as: Ageing, mechanical,
chemical, operation,
inflammation, metabolic
2.Malformation
3.Congenital factors

9. CLASSIFICATION
Etiologically.
 Age related / senile/
 Congenital cataract
 Traumatic cataract
 Metabolic cataract
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10. CLINICAL
MANIFESTATIONS
•Symptoms:
1.Progressive vision decrease
2.Refraction changes
3.Diplopia
4.Change of color sensation
5.Visual field defect
•Signs:
Turbidity of lens.
Reduced V/A
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11. SENILE CATARACT
Now called Age-related Cataract
Most commonly seen
>50 yrs old
>80 yrs old 100%
→
Degenerative changes
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12. CONGENITAL CATARACT
Definition
Cataract noticed at birth.
Clinical features
- whitish Pupillary reflex
- increased eye
movement(nystagmus).
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13. CONGENITAL
CATARACT
Etiology:
congenital infection
(TORCH)
- Trauma or
anoxia at birth
- Genetic disorders
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14. CONGENITAL CATARACT
Morphology
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15. CONGENITAL CATARACT
Treatment
Observation
Early operation
Amblyopia
Treatment
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TREATMENT
Drug? NO USE
Operation: The only effective therapy
ICCE (intracapsular cataract extraction)
ECCE (extracapsular cataract extraction)
PEA (phacoemulsification)

17. ICCE ECCE
ICCE And
ECCE
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18. TREATMENT
IOL (intraocular lens) implantation
AC and PC
Hard and foldable
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19. TREATMENT
IOL (intraocular lens) implantation
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20. COMPLICATION OF UNOPERATED
CATARACT
Dislocation or sublaxation of lens
Glaucoma
Uveitis
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21. PREVENTION
No studies have proved how to prevent cataracts or
slow the progression of cataracts. But doctors think
several strategies may be helpful, including:
1.Have regular eye examinations
2.Quit smoking.
3.Manage other health problems. E.g. Diabetes
4.Choose a healthy diet that includes plenty of
fruits and vegetables.
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