1281987hjvjgccfx7bhjvcxd0-smart-grid.pptx

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1. A Seminar Report On SMART GRID Presented By.. Shubham sharma EE ( 2009-13 ) Roll No : 52

2. Basic structure of power system

3. What is grid ? The transmission system of an area is known as grid Interconnection of grid forms regional grid Interconnection of regional grid forms national grid

4. Present Grid The present grid is to a large extent some 50 years old. Its large part is a fossil fuel based system . Today , we have an installed capacity of around 150,000 MW. 400 million Indians still have no access to electricity.

5. The Challenges The world demand for energy is expected to increase with 60 % by 2030 . Power outages costs the economy billions of dollars Providing better power quality Fact: “The Northeast blackout of 2003 in USA resulted in $6 billion of economic loss to the region.” ”

6. Continued… Global Warming: Reducing CO 2 emission OECD:- Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development of twenty countries Poor communications between utilities and the ultimate consumer

7. What is Smart Grid? A smart grid is a form of electricity network utilizing digital technology . It consists of sensors , measurement and control devices through out the grid. Provides two way communication and power flow between consumer and utility. Self-healing.

8. Other names for a smart grid are :- Smart electric or power grid Intelligent grid Future grid Intergrid Intragrid

9. Why Smart Grid? Smart Grid enables better energy management. Proactive management of electrical network during emergency situations. Better demand supply / demand response management. Better power quality Reduce carbon emissions.

10. Principle of working A smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using two-way digital communications to control appliances at consumer’s home This saves energy, reduces costs and increases reliability and transparency

11. Goals of smart grid enabling greater use of variable energy sources establishing the automation and monitoring capabilities needed for bulk transmission at cross continent distances enabling the use of market forces to drive energy conservation .

12. Pillars of Smart Grid Transmission Optimization Demand Side Management Distribution Optimization Successful Optimization

13. The Smart Grid brings together three kinds of technology

14. Generation Present Generation Centralized generation. Shortage of generation Smart Generation Distributed Generation. It reduces the amount of energy lost in transmitting electricity because the electricity is generated very near where it is used. Renewable source of energy

15. Transmission Present Transmission Large amount of transmission losses About 10 % of the power is lost in transmission FACTS & HVDC Smart Transmission Much more efficient HTS wires PMUs for better monitoring and reliability Fact: “The grid in the United States loses an estimated 10% of all electricity generated before it can be sold to the customer, an amount roughly equal to the electricity generated in the entire continent of Africa.”

16. HTS Wires High temperature superconducting (HTS) wires. Can carry 3-5 times of the power. Uses Liquid Nitrogen for maintaining the temperature at -200 o C. Projects are going on in Long Island, USA. Transmission losses will be minimized. Liquid Nitrogen Superconducting tapes Outer Shield Thermal Envelope

17. Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) A PMU is a device that measures the electrical waves on an electricity grid to determine the health of the system It is one of the most important measuring devices in the future of power system Measures AC current/voltage waveforms Provides Wide Area Monitoring PGCIL have installed PMU at 4 substations in the Northern region and will install another 25 in western region

18. Distribution Present Distribution We use electronic meters Power loss of around 20 % Power theft Fixed rate per kWh of energy Smart Distribution Automatic Metering Infrastructure to be implemented. Computerized Smart Meter will be used. Variable rate per kWh of energy

19. Smart Meters Two way communication Computerized replacement of existing model Contains a processor, non-volatile storage & communication facilities 10 % less energy consumption by using smart meter India to install 130 million Smart Meters by 2020 .

20. Home Area Network (HAN) SMART METER

21. Comparison Features Now Smart Grid Communication None /One way, not real time Two way , real time Customer Interaction Limited Extensive Maintenance Manual equipment checks, time based maintenance Remote monitoring, predictive, condition based maintenance Generation Centralized Centralized and distributive Power flow control Limited Comprehensive Reliability Prone to failure and cascading outages Pro active, real-time protection and islanding Restoration Manual Self-healing Metering Electro mechanical Digital

22. Benefits Efficiency is improved Smart Metering Distributed Generation Lower losses Reliability Wide Area Monitoring Environmental Friendly Less CO 2 released in atmosphere Renewable energy

23. PROBLEMS RELATED TO DEVELOPMENT OF SMART GRID ON LARGE SCALE Large Economic Investment ( $25 Billion) Lack of consistency and some of the fundamental underlying technologies for the smart grid Means for storing and controlling the flow of massive quantities of energy—have yet to be invented Security of communication

24. Current Work Republic Of Malta will the first Smart Grid country with more than 250,000 smart meters being installed. South Korea to have a fully functional Smart Grid by 2020 . Work going on in USA, China and Europe on large scale. Bangalore Electricity Supply Company is working on a Smart Grid pilot project.

25. Conclusion The Smart Grid will revolutionize generation, transmission, distribution and utilization of energy It will make the Grid much more Reliable, efficient, flexible Environment friendly

26. Thank You!