13. Derived Positions kinesiology slides

Derived Positions

1. Dr. Tooba Asif , PT Lecturer DPT (RIU), MS-OMPT (RIU) Certified Kinesio Taping Practitioner (CKTP, USA) Certified Dry Needling Practitioner (CDNP, UK) DERIVED POSITIONS

2. BY ALTERATION OF LEGS Close standing Toe standing Stride standing Walk standing Half standing

3. CLOSE STANDING Legs are rotated inwards at hip so that medial borders of feet are adjacent MUSCLE WORK Leg muscles work more strongly than in the fundamental position.

4. EFFECTS & USES OF CLOSE STANDING Size of the base is reduced & balance is more difficult Progression to standing Relaxation of the lateral rotators of hip often results in a loss of bracing effect on whole leg Including longitudinal arches of feet.

5. TOE STANDING Heels are pressed together & raised from the floor. MUSCLE WORK Plantarflexor of ankle joint work strongly against gravity to keep heels elevated. All leg muscles work more strongly than in fundamental position to keep balance

6. EFFECTS & USES OF TOE STANDING Base is reduced &center of gravity is raised so used in balance Strong work for foot muscles stretch Value in treatment of flat foot & posture training

7. STRIDE STANDING Legs are abducted so that the heels are two foot lengths apart Feet remain same as in fundamental position & weight is equally distributed btw them. MUSCLE WORK Adductors of hip may work to prevent the legs from sliding further apart if position is taken on a slippery floor

8. EFFECTS & USES OF STRIDE STANDING Effective base is much enlarge laterally, making this an easy & suitable position from which to perform exercises especially in a frontal plane.

9. WALK STANDING One leg is placed directly forwards so that the heels are two foot-lengths apart & are on same line. Body weight is equally distributed btw them. MUSCLE WORK Tension on the structure anterior to hip & on calf muscles of posterior leg, Extensors of hip & knee of this leg work strongly to maintain position.

10. EFFECTS & USES OF WALK STANDING Base is much enlarged in antero posterior direction stabilizing body for exercises in sagittal plane. Rotation of pelvis towards side of forward leg is prevented by position of back leg, so it used to localize rotation to spine. Tension on hamstrings of forward leg likewise prevents tilting of pelvis in trunk flexion exercises.

11. HALF STANDING Whole weight of the body is supported on one leg, other may be free or supported in a variety of position. MUSCLE WORK Abductors of the hip of standing leg work to maintain center of gravity over the base by a Slight lateral tilting of pelvis

12. Lumber side flexors of opposite side work to bring trunk into alignment All muscles of supporting leg work more strongly than in standing to support additional weight & preserve balance

13. EFFFECTS & USES OF HALF STANDING Unsupporting leg is free to move Difficulty in balancing PROGRESSION IN HALF STANDING Leg free from body weight may rest in different positions.

14. STEP STANDING on a stool with hip & knee bent

15. BY ALTERATION OF THE TRUNK

16. LAX STOOP STANDING hips are flexed & trunk, head & arms are relaxed so that they hang forwards & downwards. Balance is maintained by a slight plantar flexion at ankle joints causing a backward inclination

17. EFFECTS & USES OF LAX STOOP STANDING Amount of forward flexion is dictated by tension, develops in hamstrings & lumbar ms, Position used to train relaxation of upper body & to assist expiration. Position used prior to extension exercises of hips & spine.

18. Position is unsuitable for weak or elderly patients as dependent position of body causes an increase Blood flow to head which maybe followed by depletion on raising to upright position & consequent feeling of giddiness.

19. STOOP STANDING Hip joints are flexed while trunk, head & arms remain in alignment& are inclined forwards. Angle to which trunk is inclined usually about a right angle but depends on tension of hamstrings which control forward tilt of pelvis when knees are straight.

20. MUSCLE WORK Extensor of knees may work to counteract tension of hamstrings Longitudinal & transverse back muscles & extensors of shoulder & elbows maintain position against pull of gravity Posterior neck muscles controlled by pre-vertebral muscles support head.

21. EFFECTS & USES Strong work for neck & back muscles with stretching of spine, trains good posture of back muscles. Fixation in flexion of lumber spine localizes movement to joints above this level, it is valuable but difficult position to hold correctly.

22. BY ALTERATION OF THE LEGS & TRUNK

23. FALLOUT STANDING One leg is placed directly forwards to a distance of three foot-lengths & this knee is bent Back leg remains straight & body is inclined forward in line with it.

24. MUSCLE WORK Extensors & foot muscles of forward leg work strongly to support most of weight Extensors of back leg keep trunk & leg straight Dorsiflexor of this foot work to keep the heel on ground Head & trunk muscles work but there is a degree of rotation & lateral tilt of pelvis away from forward leg,balance is maintained by action of trunk rotators & lumber muscles on this side.

25. EFFECTS & USES position used in treatment of spinal curvature When support is given to arms & shoulders,it is an excellent position to utilize body weight either for giving pressure or resistance in direction of fallout.