16 - Conjunctions_Kinds and Structures.pptx

Grammar

1. 16 - Conjunctions

2. Conjunction It is a word that joins words, sentences, and clauses. Example: I want a pen and a notebook. = I want a pen. I want a notebook. I want a pen. He doesn’t give me any of his pens. = I want a pen, but he doesn’t give me anyof his pens.

3. Brainstorm? And But Or although before after for nor yet so

4. Kinds of Conjunctions There are three kinds of conjunctions: Coordinating conjunctions: join two similar grammatical structures Correlative conjunctions: join pairs / correlated items Subordinating conjunctions: introduce dependent clauses

5. Coordinating Conjunctions (aka FANBOYS) They introduce independent clauses. FANBOYS stands for: Independent clause, for + independent clause (reason) - I teach English, for it is my profession. Independent clause, and + independent clause (adds information) I teach English, and I enjoy it. Negative independent clause, nor + auxiliary + s + (v) – (adds negative) I don’t come on time, nor do my students come on time. He doesn’t study. He doesn’t work.

6. Independent clause, but + independent clause – (adds opposite information) I study, but I don’t understand it. Independent clause, or + independent clause – (gives choices/options/alternatives) You do your homework, or I will force you to read newspapers. Independent clause, yet + independent clause – (adds unexpected result) I tried for 3 years, yet I did not get it. Independent clause, so + independent clause – (add a result) I tried for 3 years, so I got it.

7. Homework Read an article of the newspaper Write 3 sentences for each of the FANBOYS

8. Correlative / Paired Conjunctions Both … and … Neither … nor … Not only … but also … Either … or … They create parallelism. They connect two or more things that are grammatically functioning alike.

9. Both … and … + plural verb. (the two parties) Both Asad and Ahmad are good people. (The mentioned parties all) S + verb + both … and … I love both Biryani and Mantu . I both play and enjoy football. He is both intelligent and hardworking. Neither … nor … + verb for the final element (none of the parties Neither you nor your brother is intelligent. Neither Asad nor his friends are here. S + v + neither … nor … I hate neither Pakistan nor India. I neither study nor rest. Not only … but also … + verb for the final element (Also the first and also the second) Not only Ahmad but also Zubair is irregular. Either … or … + verb for the final element. (one of the parties) Either you or she can come.