16336850934989837668708882_FINAL PPT.pptx

mtech fourth sem presentation

1. OUTLINE INTRODUCTION LITERATURE SURVEY HARMONICS SHUNT ACTIVE POWER FILTER CONTROL STRATEGY OF D-STATCOM MODELLING AND SIMULATION DIAGRAMS RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS CONCLUSION FUTURE SCOPE PUBLICATIONS REFRENCES 07-09-2024 1

2. INTRODUCTION 07-09-2024 2

3. POWER QUALITY The term electric power quality (PQ) is generally used to assess and to maintain the good quality of power at the level of generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization of AC electrical power There are a number of reasons for the pollution of the AC supply systems, including N atural ones (around 60%) such as :- - Lightening - Flashover - Equipment failure - Faults Forced ones (about 40%) such as :- 07-09-2024 3

4. - Voltage distortions - Notches As per IEEE 519-1992 standards recommended practices under requirements for harmonics control in electric power system, the total harmonic distortion should be <5% for non-linear loads. 07-09-2024 4 Contd..

5. . . TRANSIENT CURRENT FREEQUENCY LOAD STEADY VOLTAGE SUPPLY CLASSIFICATION OF POWER QUALITY ISSUES 07-09-2024 5

6. .C CONTD…. . TRANSI-ENTS STEADY VOLTAGE CURRENT FREEQUENCY LOAD SUPPLY sag (dip), swell, short-duration voltage variations power frequency variations voltage fluctuations Poor power factor, unbalanc-ed load currents, load harmonic currents, and excessive neutral current voltage distortions, flicker, notches, noise, sag, swell, unbalance, undervoltage, and overvoltage reactive power component of current, harmonic currents, unbalanced currents, and excessive neutral current. frequencvariation above or below the desired base value load current consisting of harmonics, reactive power component of current, unbalanced currents, neutral current notches, voltage distortion,unbalancsag, swell, flicker, and noise Table 1- Different types of power quality issues 07-09-2024 6

7. CONCERNS Harmonics current drawn from the supply by the non-linear loads results in the distortion of the source voltage waveform at the point of common coupling(PCC)due to source impedance. These nonlinear loads may cause poor power factor and high degree of harmonics Both the distorted current and voltage may cause end-user equipment to malfunction, conductors to overheat and may reduce the life expectancy of the equipment. A passive LC power filter is used to eliminate the current harmonics when it is connected in parallel with the load. . 07-09-2024 7

8. It has some drawbacks like overheating, bulk in size, resonant drawback, and required maintenance due to which passive filter may not provide a complete solution Active Power Filter (APF) can solve problems of harmonic and reactive power simultaneously. APF have the ability to adjust the amplitude of the synthesized ac voltage of the inverters by means of pulse width modulation or by control of the dc-link voltage, thus drawing either leading or lagging reactive power from the supply. 07-09-2024 8 Contd..

9. LITERATURE SURVEY 07-09-2024 9

10. . S.No TITLE AUTHOR PUBLICATION/ YEAR REMARKS 1 Mitigation of Power Quality Issues using Dstatcom D.Nair, Ashwini Nambiar Emerging Trends in Electrical Engineering and Energy Management ICETEEEM/2012 In this paper, the role of FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission System) devices in addressing various power quality issues has been studied. 2 Performance of DSTATCOM Control with Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory under Ideal and Polluted Grid Anand Ahirwar , Alka Singh Innovative Applications of Computational Intelligence on Power, Energy and Controls with their Impact on Humanity CIPECH 2016 Discusses the modelling and design of Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory (IRPT)for control of DSTATCOM 07-09-2024 10

11. 3 Better Performance for Shunt Active Power Filters M. F. Shousha , S. A. Zaid , O. A. Mahgoub International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP) 2011 This paper proposes a time domain harmonic detection technique which is an improved a-b-c reference frame formula based upon the p-q theory with a positive sequence detector to solve the problem of bad performance of shunt active power filters (SAPF) under non-ideal mains. 4 Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic based DSTATCOM using SR and IR Control Theory Gunjan Varshney D.S. Chauhan International Conference on Next Generation Computing Technologies (NGCT-2015) The performance of DSTATCOM is shown for Power factor correction(PFC) and Zero voltage regulation (ZVR) modes using d-q and p-q theories of control 07-09-2024 11

12. 5 Compre - hensive Study of DSTATCOM Configurations B.Singh P. Jayaprakash IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics  ( Volume: 10 ,Issue 2  , May 2014  In this paper, different Distribution Static Compensators (DSTATCOMs) topologies, state of the art, their performance, design considerations, future developments, and potential applications are investigated for power quality improvement. 6 Investigation of Power Quality Issues and Its Solution for Distributed Power System Kavitha V , Dr.K.Subramanian International Conference on circuits Power and Computing Technologies [ICCPCT] 2017 The effect of power quality problems and also how to overcome this power quality problems and solutions and also discussed the different ways to correct it. 07-09-2024 12

13. 7 Power Electronics Conditioners: Configurations Performance, Power Quality and Cost Issues: Introductory Considerations P.F. Ribeiro  International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power. Proceedings  2002 This paper makes some initial considerations regarding power electronics conditioners configurations, performance, power quality, and cost issues. The paper reviews the possible configurations and discusses a number of technical issues and trade-offs resulting design optimization process for different applications. 8 Power quality improvement in transmission systems using facts devices S.Selvakumaran, S.M Kalidasan International Conference on Green Engineering and Technologies (IC-GET) 2016 In this paper the performance of the various FACTS devices had been analyzed. Voltage can be injected or absorbed by using STATCOM device.UPFC device is used for the control of active and reactive power. SSSC device is used to inject the voltage in series in the transmission system. 07-09-2024 13

14. HARMONICS 07-09-2024 14

15. Harmonics are the components where the frequency is an integral multiple of fundamental frequency Harmonic distortion is measured by calculating THD (Total harmonic distortion) Here I stands for current and n for harmonics According to IEEE standard the permissible harmonics is 5% 07-09-2024 15

16. Figure 1- Different order of harmonics 07-09-2024 16

17. EFFECTS AND ITS SOLUTIONS Harmonics can cause Overheating Voltage Distortion and Flickering Interference Different solutions are Capacitors Passive filters Active filters 07-09-2024 17

18. Maximum current harmonic distortion in percent of IL Individual harmonic order (Odd harmonics) ISC/IL <11 11≤ h≥17 17≤ h≥23 35≤ h TDD <20 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 20<50 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 50<100 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 100<100 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 0>1000 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0   A: Even harmonics are restricted to 25% of the above strange harmonic boundaries. B: Current distortions resulting in an offset dc, such as half-wave converters, are not permitted. C: All energy generation equipment, regardless of the real Isc /I L , is restricted to these present distortion values. Where Isc= peak short-circuit current at PCC I L = peak load current (basic frequency at PCC under ordinary load circumstances). Table 2 : IEEE 519-2014 current harmonic distortion limits 07-09-2024 18

19. TYPES OF ACTIVE POWER FILTER Active Power Filters 1.Series Active Power Filter( SeAPF ) SeAPF is connected in series with the T.L Acts as a controlled voltage source Shunt Active Power filter( ShAPF ) ShAPF is connected in parallel with the T.L Acts as a controlled current source Unified power quality controller Combination of passive ,series and shunt filters 07-09-2024 19

20. SHUNT ACTIVE POWER FILTER(SAPF) 07-09-2024 20

21. The principle of the shunt filter is to produce harmonic currents equal in magnitude but opposite in-phase to those harmonics that are present in the grid. Phase shift of the harmonic current is 180 degrees SAPF is a closed loop structure SAPF can compensate reactive power and can also mitigate harmonics and distortions 07-09-2024 21

22. Figure 2 –Line diagram of Shunt active power filter 07-09-2024 22

23. SHUNT ACTIVE POWER FILTER ‘ Figure 3 – Block diagram of Shunt active power filter 07-09-2024 23

24. ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES Reference generation techniques To compensate harmonics it is important to generate compensating current reference P-Q theory Others includes dq0 , ANN etc. Tracking Methodology To track reference current properly Hysteresis controller , PI controller , slide mode controller etc. Converter Topology Depending on type of loads , voltage…,performance indices Such as ,THD ,efficiency , cost , reliability 07-09-2024 24

25. 1 Instantaneous power calculation block Power compensation PWM converter DC voltage regulator DIFFERENT BLOCKS IN SAPF Reference current calculation block 07-09-2024 25

26. CONTROL STRATERGY OF D-STATCOM 07-09-2024 26

27. INSTANTANEOUS POWER CALCULATION The crucial part of SAPF which calculates the compensation currents These currents are calculates using “P-Q theory.” This Constant power control strategy was the first strategy developed for Active power filters by Akagi et al. in 1983 This theory uses Clarke’s transformation which consists of real matrix that transform three phase ‘V’ or ‘I’ into αβ0 stationary reference frames . 07-09-2024 27

28. Figure 4 – abc to orthogonal coordinates 07-09-2024 28

29.     CLARK AND INVERSE CLARK TRANSFORM Conversion of 3-phase load voltages in α–β orthogonal 2-phase coordinates (vα ,vβ ) as 07-09-2024 29 =   Conversion of orthogonal voltage & current to active & reactive power   AC & DC component of active power & reactive power

30.     Reference current in two phase system is Isa* Isb * Isc * are the reference three-phase storage signals 07-09-2024 30

31. CLARK AND INVERSE CLARK TRANSFORM ; Figure 5 – Clarke & Inverse Clarke transformation 07-09-2024 31

32. INSTANTANEOUS REACTIVE POWER THEORY 1 Figure-6 Block diagram of Instantaneous reactive power theory 07-09-2024 32

33. MODELING AND SIMULATION DIAGRAMS 07-09-2024 33

34. Figure 7- LINE DIAGRAM OF UNCOMPENSATED LINE UNCOMPENSATED LINE 07-09-2024 34

35. Figure 8-LINE DIAGRAM OF D-STATCOM IN SHUNT WITH THE LINE FOR REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION 07-09-2024 35

36. kxkx Control algorithm of DSTATCOM Figure-9 07-09-2024 36

37. Description of various subsystem of control algorithm Subsystem 1 Figure -10 07-09-2024 37

38. Subsystem 2 Figure-11 07-09-2024 38

39. Subsystem 3 Figure-12 07-09-2024 39

40. Subsystem 4 Figure-13 07-09-2024 40

41. Figure 14 –Simulation diagram of uncompensated three phase source current Figure 15 –Simulation diagram of u ncompensated three phase load current 07-09-2024 41

42. Figure 17 – Simulation diagram of compensated three phase load current Figure 16 –Simulation diagram of compensated three phase source current 07-09-2024 42

43. Figure 19 –Simulation diagram of active & reactive power Figure 18 –Simulation diagram of orthogonal coordinates 07-09-2024 43

44. Figure 21-–Simulation diagram of reference current Figure 20 –Simulation diagram of reference orthogonal coordinates 07-09-2024 44

45. Figure 23–Simulation diagram of pulses Figure 22–Simulation diagram of statcom current 07-09-2024 45

46. Figure 25 –Simulation diagram of power factor Figure 24 –Simulation diagram of dc bus voltage 07-09-2024 46

47. Fig 26:- FFT analysis of source c urrent without shunt compensation 07-09-2024 47

48. Fig 27:- FFT analysis of source c urrent with shunt compensation 07-09-2024 48

49. S.No Load THD without Compensation THD with compensation 1. Constant load 11.56% 2.96% 2 Variable load 13.93% 2.62% 3 Constant and variable load 11.82% 2.67% THD comparison of different loads Table 3 07-09-2024 49

50. CONCLUSION The simulation results shows that that the current mitigation can be done by inserting a D-STATCOM in shunt with the line. The rating of D-STATCOM is 50KVAR and it is design to use in industrial and commercial load The total harmonics distortion of three phase diode rectifier was 11.56% before compensation and after compensation it is 2.96%. The comparison of various load is studied and hence it is observed that the load consisting of SCR has more percentage of harmonics contents as compare with load consist of diodes. 07-09-2024 50

51. FUTURE SCOPES The work concluded in this project can be extended further for more achievable options like:- Other nonlinear charges like arc oven, electrical disks, etc. can be used as a suggested technique. In a big distribution network, a joint project of DSTATCOM and DVR is introduced. 07-09-2024 51