1oldModule-4DMflooddisastervtumodule4.pptx

Disaster management system

1. M o d u l e 4 F l oo d a n d D r o u g h t

2. W a t e r W e a l t h o f I n d i a Water is one of the most important renewable natural resources for supporting life. With the increasing population of India as well as its all-round development, the utilization of water is also increasing at a fast pace. On an average, India receives annual precipitation (including snowfall) of about 4000 km 3 . India's water wealth is a complex issue, with a country that has a large amount of water resources but also faces water scarcity:

3. Water resources India has a large amount of water resources, including: Annual rainfall : India receives 4,000 cubic kilometers of precipitation annually, including snowfall. Rivers : India has about 10,360 rivers and tributaries longer than 1.6 kilometers each. The average annual flow in all the river basins in India is estimated to be 1,869 cubic kilometers. Dams : India has built nearly 5,000 major or medium dams and barrages to store river waters and enhance groundwater recharging.

4. Water scarcity: However, India is among the most water-stressed countries in the world. India has 18% of the world's population but only 4% of its water resources. Water demand: The demand for water in India is increasing due to population growth and economic expansion. The water demand in the year 2000 was 634 cubic kilometers and it is likely to be 1093 cubic kilometers by the year 2025. Groundwater: India relies heavily on groundwater resources, which accounts for over 50 percent of the irrigated area. However, groundwater resources are rapidly depleting.

5. D e f i n i t i o n o f F l o o d A flood is a natural disaster that occurs when water overflows and submerges land that is usually dry. OR an overflow of a large amount of water beyond its normal limits, especially over what is normally dry land. Riverine flooding : When water overflows from a stream channel into normally dry land. Coastal flooding : When water levels are higher than normal along the coast and in lakes or reservoirs. Flash floods : When water ponds at or near the point where rain fell.

6. What is Central Water Commission? Central Water Commission (CWC) is India’s premier technical organization in water resources. It is presently under the jurisdiction of the Union Ministry of Water Resources, River Development, and Ganga Rejuvenation. It is responsible for creating and coordinating strategies for regulating, using, and conserving water resources nationwide. These plans are for flood control, irrigation, navigation, drinking water supply, and power development. Shri Kushvinder Vohra: chief of Central Water Commission

7. Background Of Central Water Commission CWC was previously known as the Central Waterways, Irrigation, and Navigation Commission, abbreviated as CWINC. The Government formed it in 1945 on the recommendation of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, Member (Labour) of the Viceroy’s Executive Council. The founding of the CWINC is credited to Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, who oversaw the formation of the Commission by the then-Labour Department. He proposed and advocated for such a technical body at the Centre and outlined its aims, organizational structure, and agenda. The Department developed the final proposal for the foundation of CWINC with the assistance of Rai Bahadur A.N. Khosla, the Consulting Engineer for Irrigation.

8. Functions or role Of Central Water Commission Planning and Development : CWC formulates plans and policies for the country's development, utilization, and conservation of water resources. Water Resources Assessment : It conducts hydrological surveys and studies to assess the availability and distribution of water resources across different regions. Flood Forecasting : CWC is responsible for monitoring rainfall and river flow data to issue timely flood forecasts and warnings, helping to minimize the damage caused by floods. Reservoir Operation : CWC manages the operation of major reservoirs, ensuring optimal water storage and release to meet irrigation, drinking water, and power generation needs.

9. Functions or Role Of Central Water Commission River Management : CWC coordinates with state governments to regulate and control rivers' interstate flow, resolving water-sharing disputes among states. Dam Safety : CWC carries out inspections and assessments to ensure dams' safety and structural integrity, reducing the risk of failures and associated hazards. Hydrological Information System : It maintains a database of hydrological information, including river flows, rainfall, and groundwater levels, which is essential for planning and decision- making. International Cooperation : CWC represents India in negotiations and agreements on water resources management with neighbouring countries, promoting bilateral and multilateral cooperation. The Central Water Commission is vital in managing and regulating water resources, ensuring sustainable utilization and minimizing the adverse impacts of floods and water-related disasters.

10. Central Water Commission Wings The work of the Commission is handled by 3 wings namely, Designs and Research Wing (D&R), Water Planning and Projects Wing (WP&P), and, River Management Wing (RM).

11. Wing Designs and Research Wing (D&R) W a t e r P l a nn i n g a n d P r o j e c t s W i n g (WP&P) Responsibilities T h i s w i n g i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r p r o v i d i n g g u i d a n c e i n t h e p l a nn i n g , preparation of layout studies, specifications, detailed designs and drawings, and standardization of designs of river valley projects in the country including hydrological studies for the projects, etc. The Wing is headed by an engineering officer designated as a Member (D&R) with the ex-officio status of Additional Secretary to the G o v e r n m e n t o f I n d i a . This wing is responsible for dealing with matters related to National Water Policy; overall planning and development of river basins including integrated river basin planning and development, monitoring of storage position of the important reservoirs; etc. The Wing is headed by an engineering officer designated as a Member (WP&P) with the ex-officio status of Additional Secretary to t h e G o v e r nm e n t o f I n d i a . The wing comprises organizations headed by a Chief Engineer and consists of various Directorates each headed by Directors. T h i s w i n g i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r , t h e c o ll e c t i o n , c o m p il a t i o n , s t o r a g e , a n d retrieval of hydrological and hydro-meteorological data including water quality monitoring, formulation, and issue of flood forecast on all major flood-prone rivers and inflow forecasts for selected i m p o r t a n t r e s e r v o i r s , e t c . The Wing is headed by an engineering officer designated as a Member (RM) with the ex-officio status of Additional Secretary to the G o v e r n m e n t o f I n d i a . R i v e r M a n a g e m e n t W i n g ( R M )

12. Monsoons The monsoon is a seasonal wind pattern that brings significant changes in weather, particularly in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It’s characterized by heavy rains and dramatic shifts in wind directions. Key Features of the Monsoon Seasonal Winds: The monsoon winds blow from the southwest during the summer months and from the northeast during the winter. Rainfall: The summer monsoon brings heavy rainfall, which is crucial for agriculture but can also cause flooding and landslides. Temperature Changes: The arrival of the monsoon often brings relief from the intense summer heat, lowering temperatures significantly. Regions Affected: India, Southeast Asia, parts of Africa, and Australia experience monsoons.

13. Monsoons Phases of the Monsoon Southwest Monsoon (Summer Monsoon): Typically occurs between June and September. Winds come from the southwest, bringing moisture-laden air from the Indian Ocean and causing widespread rainfall. Northeast Monsoon (Winter Monsoon): Occurs from October to December. Winds come from the northeast, affecting southeastern India and Sri Lanka with rain. The monsoon plays a crucial role in the ecosystems, agriculture, and water resources of these regions. Farmers, for example, rely heavily on monsoon rains for their crops.

14. Flood Warning Signals and Precautionary Actions Long-term rainfall and melting snow have raised water levels and flooded city roads, causing flooding. Frequent and extreme flooding is inevitable and endangers community safety. Areas that are low-lying or near rivers and lakes are more vulnerable to flooding than normal areas. To reduce hazards from flooding, a flood warning system should be in place near any major waterway. Flood warning systems can help communities and transportation prepare for this serious threat. Timely and accurate early warning can save property and lives.

15. Flood Warning Signals and Precautionary Actions What is a flood warning system? The flood warning system monitors and warns of changes in water levels, prevents flooding caused by extreme weather and utilizes water resources efficiently. It allows for data monitoring, transmission, processing and analysis. The flood warning system utilizes computer technology, database technology, communication technology, and sensor technology.

16. How do flood warning systems work? Monitoring of river rainfall, water level and flow velocity at important measuring points upstream. The monitoring data is transmitted to the software platform through wired or wireless signals. After data processing and analysis, the flood dynamics can be grasped in time, and the mathematical model can be used to make future coastal flood forecasts. Provide enough time for the community or transit station to take action. Reduce property and life loss.

17. Two types of flood warning systems Road flood warning system River flood warning system

18. Road flood warning system The road flood alarm system is a device that buries the water sensor on the ground to monitor the groundwater depth. Once the water depth exceeds the set value, the alarm will be used to remind the staff to drain water in time and remind pedestrians to pay attention to the water depth. The station adopts highly integrated equipment to monitor the water accumulation in various low-lying road sections in the urban area in real time and realize automatic alarms. By integrating data from various monitoring points, we can know the waterlogging status for the entire urban area and carry out drainage scheduling in a timely manner.

19. River flood warning system River flood warning system is used to measure changes in the water level of rivers and water bodies to predict flood damage. This flood alarm system has protective measures such as lightning protection and anti-jamming. Various technologies such as derating, electromagnetic compatibility, and outlier elimination are adopted. Enhance the resistance of the monitoring station to the field environment, making it more adaptable to various harsh environments in the field.

20. Flood warning systems advantages Alarm is accurate The monitoring platform intelligently analyzes the measurement video and data, and excludes climate and environmental factors. Avoid manual monitoring errors and reduce false positives and false negatives in the video surveillance system. Real-time alarm Using intelligent video analysis and network technology to measure the lake in real time, the alarm information can be displayed on the monitoring client interface, and the alarm information can also be pushed to the mobile terminal. Long-term monitoring The flood monitoring system is often designed to withstand inclement weather, ensuring accurate measurements even when working outdoors for long periods of time. Maintenance is minimal, greatly reducing labor costs. Storage function Record the water level changes at monitoring points in real time, and store the alarm information in the server database, including time, location, snapshot, video, etc.

21. Flood Warning Signals Flood Watch: Indicates that conditions are favorable for flooding. Stay alert and be prepared to take action if necessary. Flood Warning: Imminent or occurring flooding. Take immediate precautions and follow instructions from local authorities2. Flash Flood Warning: Rapid flooding of areas, often with little warning. Move to higher ground immediately

22. Precautionary Actions Stay Informed: Listen to the radio, watch TV, or check online for updates from local authorities. Prepare Your Home: Secure outdoor furniture, elevate electrical components, and install check valves in sewer traps. Evacuate if Necessary: Follow designated evacuation routes and move to higher ground. Avoid Floodwaters: Do not walk, swim, or drive through floodwaters. Just six inches of moving water can knock you down, and one foot of moving water can sweep your vehicle away. Emergency Kit: Have an emergency supply kit ready with essentials like food, water, medications, and important documents. Turn Off Utilities: If you need to evacuate, turn off gas, electricity, and water to prevent damage and hazards.