2.1 2.2 epicenter and focus and magnitude and intensity.pptx

EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

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FOCUS VS EPICENTER
MAGNITUDE VS INTENSITY

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Describe the picture below:

❖ What does A, B and C represent?

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ACTIVITY PROPER

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EARTHQUAKE
•(also known as a quake, tremor or
temblor) is the shaking of the surface
of the Earth, resulting from the
sudden release of energy in
the Earth's lithosphere that
creates seismic waves.

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FOCUS VS EPICENTER
•Focus - where the rock breaks and seismic
waves begin; can be at deep or shallow
depths.

•Epicenter – point on the surface directly above
the focus; usually what is used to locate the
position of an earthquake.

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Seismic Waves
are waves of energy that travel through the Earth's
layers, and are a result of earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions, magma movement, large landslides and
large man-made explosions that give out
low-frequency acoustic energy.

SEISMOGRAPH - is an instrument for measuring
earthquake (seismic) waves.

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TYPES OF SEISMIC WAVES
•Primary - (P) Wave – fastest, able to travel through
liquids and solid, energy travels in the same direction
wave is traveling, It can cause rocks to move
together and apart along the direction of the waves.
that is why it is called “push and pull” waves. This is
the first one to reach the surface hence first to be
recorded by seismograph.

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TYPES OF SEISMIC WAVES
•Secondary - (S) Wave – slower, not able to travel
through liquids, energy travels at right angles to
direction wave is traveling . S wave cause the rock
particles to move at right angles to their direction of
travel.
•Surface - (L) Wave – travels along the surface,
responsible for most of the quakes damage. This is
the most destructive type of seismic waves because it
may cause the surface to rise and fall

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MAGNITUDE
the strength or energy being release during earthquake.

RICHTER SCALE

is the instrument developed by Charles Richter an
American Seismologist from California Institute of
Technology in 1935 which measures the magnitude of an
earthquake. The Richter Scale is calculated using the
logarithm of the amplitude of waves through the
recordings of the seismograph.

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INTENSITY
is the damage or effect of an earthquake.

MERCALLI INTENSITY SCALE

is divided into 12 level if severity based on the observed
effects like furniture moving, cracking and falling and
infrastructure destruction. The intensity scale was compiled in
1902 by Giuseppe Mercalli. In the Philippines, we use
PHILVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS) developed by the
Philippines Institute of Volcanology and Seismology. It has 10
Levels of severity.

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QUIZ NO. 3:
Differentiate magnitude and intensity. (3 points)

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LEARNING TASK:
•How does earthquake affect human and properties
based on intensity? Make a 5-sentence essay.
•Bring drawing materials next meeting.
•Photocopy pages 128-129 of Science Learner’s
module for grade 8.