2-1 Servicing Automotive Battery.pdf

ncii

1. Unit of Competency: SERVICE AUTOMOTIVE BATTERY
Module No.: 1 Module Title: Servicing Automotive Battery

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education

PUBLIC TECHNICAL -
VOCATIONAL
HIGH SCHOOLS

PUBLIC TECHNICAL -
VOCATIONAL
HIGH SCHOOLS

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

How to Use this Module ………………………………………….. i
Introduction…………………………………………………………… . ii
Technical Terms …………………………………………………….. iii

Learning Outcome 1 ………………………………………………… 1
Learning Experiences/ Activities ……………………….. 1
Information Sheet 1 ……………………………………….. 2
Self Check 1 … ………………………………………………. 4
Information Sheet 2 ………………… …………………….. 5
Self Check 2…. ………………………………………………. 6
Operation Sheet 1... ……………………………………….. 7
Learning Outcome 2….……………………………………………… 9
Learning Activity ……………………………………………. 10
Information Sheet 1 ……………………………………….. 11
Self Check 1…. ……………………………………… ………. 12
Operation Sheet 1... ……………………………………….. 13
Learning Outcome 3….……………………………………………… 16
Learning Experiences/ Activities ……………………….. 17
Information Sheet 1 ………………………………………. 18
Self Check 1…. ………………………………………………. 19
Learning Outcome 4….……………… ……………………………… 20
Learning Experiences/ Activities ……………………….. 20
Operation Sheet 1... ……………………………………….. 21
Assessment Performance ………………………………… 23
Assessment Performance ………………………………… 24
Answer Key ………………………………………………….. 25
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3. i
HOW TO USE THIS MODULE


Welcome to the Module “Servicing Automotive Battery”. This module
contains training materials and activities for you to complete.
The unit of competency “Service Automotive Battery ” contains the
knowledge, skills and attitudes required for Automotive Servicing NC 1
course required to obtain the National Certificate (NC) level & II.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to
complete each of the learning outcomes of the module. In each learning
outcome there are Information Sheets,, Operation Sheets and Activity
Sheets. Do these activities on your own and answer the Self-Check at the
end of each learning activity.
If you have questions, don’t hesitate to ask your teacher for assistance.

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

You have already some basic knowledge and skills covered in this module
because you have been working for some time; and already completed
training in this area.
If you can demonstrate competence to your teacher in a particular skill,
talk to your teacher so you don’t have to undergo the same training again. If
you have a qualification or Certificate of Competency from previous trainings
show it to him/her. If the skills you acquired are consistent with and
relevant to this module, they become part of the evidence. You can present
these for RPL. If you are not sure about your competence skills, discuss this
with your teacher.
After completing this module, ask your teacher to assess your
competence. Result of your assessment will be recorded in your competency
profile. All the learning activities are designed for you to complete at your
own pace.
In this module, you will find the activities for you to complete and
relevant information sheets for each learning outcome. Each learning
outcome may have more than one learning activity.
This module is prepared to help you achieve the required competency, in
receiving and relaying information. This will be the source of information
that will enable you to acquire the knowledge and skills in Arabic Language
and Values Education independently at your own pace with minimum
supervision from your teacher.






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Program/Course: Automotive Servicing NC 1
Unit of Competency: SERVICE AUTOMOTIVE B ATTERY
Module Title: Servicing Automotive Battery

INTRODUCTION:

This module contains information and suggested learning activities on
Servicing Automotive Batteries. It includes instructions and procedure
on how to test automotive battery, remove and replace batteries, service and
charge batteries and jump start vehicle.

Completion of this module will help you understand the succeeding
module on Test and Repair Wiring/Lighting System.

This module consists of four (4) learning outcomes. Each learning
outcome contains learning activities with instruction sheets. Before you
follow the instruction, read the information sheets and answer the self-
check and activities provided to assess your competence by your teacher.
He/she will check if you have acquired the knowledge necessary to perform
the skill portion of the particular learning outcome.

Upon completing this module, report to your teacher for assessment. If
you pass the assessment, you will be given a certificate of completion.

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon completion of the module, you should be able to:

LO1. test Automotive Battery;
LO2. remove and Replace Batteries;
LO3. service and Charge Batteries; and
LO4. jump Start Vehicle

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

Refer to assessment criteria of learning outcomes 1-4 of this module.




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TECHNICAL TERMS:



BATTERY CELL the active unit of the battery

BATTERY HOLD DOWNS brackets that secure the battery to the chassis of
the vehicle.

BATTERY LEAKAGE TEST use to determine if current is discharging
across the top of the battery fuse.

BATTERY TERMINAL TEST checks for poor electrical connections between
the battery cables and terminals.

BATTERY TERMINALS terminals at the battery to which the positive and
the negative battery cables are connected. The terminals maybe posts or
threaded insert.

BATTERY CHARGER an equipment use to charge battery capacity given in
ampere hours.

ELECTROLYTE the liquid mixture of about 40% sulfuric acid and 60 %
water in a fully charge lead-acid storage bottle.
























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Program/Course: Automotive Servicing
Unit of Competency: Service Automotive Battery
Module Title: Servicing Automotive Battery

Learning Outcome 1: Test Automotive Battery

Assessment Criteria

1. Battery is tested to avoid damage to any workplace property or vehicle.
2. Correct Information is assessed and interpreted based on manufacturer’s
specifications.
3. Appropriate test equipment and instrument are selected.
4. Test Results are analyzed and interpreted.
5. Findings are reported to immediate supervisor/automotive instructor.




Resources
 Automotive Mechanics, 10
th
Edition
By: Crouse Anglin
 Automotive Electricity, Electronics and Computer Controls
By: Barry Hollembeak

LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES

Learning Outcome 1: Test Automotive Battery
Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read the attached information
sheet no. 1, battery construction
and principle operation of battery.
2. Teaching demo on test
procedures.
3. Answer self-check no. 1 to test
your knowledge and operation of
the battery.
4. Check your answer using answer
key LO1 No. 1.


 Answer the self-check without
looking at the information Sheet

 Return Demo

 Answer the self-check within the list
possible time allotment.

 Answer assessment criteria based on
operation sheet LO 1.

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INFORMATION SHEET No.1

TITLE: BATTERY CONSTRUCTION AND PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

The Automotive battery supplies electric current to operate the
starting motor and ignition system while starting the engine. It also acts as
a voltage stabilizer by supplying current for the lights, radio, and other
electrical accessories when the alternator is not handling the load. In
addition, the battery supplies a small current to the volatile ceremony in the
electronic control (ECM) while the Ignition key is off.

The battery is an electro chemical device which uses chemicals to
produce electricity, the amount of electricity it can produce is limited. As
the chemical in the battery is depleted the battery runs down and is
discharged. It can be recharged by supplying it with electric current from
the vehicle alternator or from a battery charger. The depleted chemicals are
restored to their original condition as the battery becomes recharged.


TYPES OF BATTERY

Below are two types of automotive batteries. On the left, caps
can be removed to check the battery state of charge and to add water if
needed. On the right, a maintenance -free battery that requires no
additional water. The charge indicator in the top shows the state of change.




Fig. 1 Two types of Automotive Battery (left) ordinary wet
Battery (right) maintenance free.





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BATTERY CONSTRUCTION

The battery case is molded plastic. The plates are molded to plate straps
to form plate groups. To make a battery cell, a positive plate group fits into a
negative plate group. Porous separators are placed between the plates.
This prevents positive and negative plates from touching while allowing
electrolyte to circulate between the plate. The assembly of plate groups and
separators is an element. The elements fit into compartments in the battery
case to favor cells. Heavy leads connectors attach to the cell terminals and
connect the cells in series. A plastic cover forms the top of the battery.
Some batteries have openings in the cover from when filler plugs or vent
caps are removed to add water maintenance free batteries do not have
removable caps.



Fig. 2 Parts of Automotive Battery



WORKING SAFELY AROUND BATTERI ES

Follow the safety cautions listed below when working with batteries,
testing or charging battery.

1. The sulfuric acid in the electrolyte is very corrosive. It will eat
holes in cloth. It can cause serious burn if it sets on your skin. It
can make you blind if it gets into your eyes. Wear eye protector
when working with testing or charging a battery. If you get battery
acid on your skin, flush it off at once with water. If you get battery
acid (electrolyte) into your eyes, flush them with water at once then
go to the school nurse, a doctor or hospital emergency room.
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2. When disconnecting a battery, always disconnect the negative or
ground cable first.


3. If the battery has vent caps, make sure the vent holes are open
before charging. Cover the caps with a damp cloth. Discard the
cloth after the battery is charged.

4. Never lean over a changing battery.


5. Do not charge a frozen battery for maintenance-free battery
because the charge indicator dot shows light yellow or clear the
battery could explode.

SELF – CHECK No.1


LO 1. TEST AUTOMOTIVE BATTERY

Directions: Select the correct answer to each question and write the letter
on the blank provided for.


________1. The battery in an electro chemical device, this means the battery
a. makes chemicals by electronic means
b. uses chemicals to provide electricity
c. has non-chemical plates
d. does not use an electrolyte

________2. The battery performs the following EXCEPT
a. supplies current to crank the engine
b. supplies current when the charging system cannot handle the
lead
c. supplies current to the ignition system with the engine is off.
d. supplies current to the ECM while the engine is off

________3. When working around the battery be sure to;
a. Disconnect the negative first
b. Disconnect the positive first
c. Never disconnect the terminals
d. A and B

________4. A type of battery which do not have removable cups.
a. maintenance free battery
b. battery with caps
c. 3A battery
d. B and
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INFORMATION SHEET No. 2

TITLE: Testing the battery

TOPIC: 2 WAYS OF TESTING THE BATTERY

Batteries are tested in two ways, for state of change and for
performance. The state of change of a vent – cap battery is determined with
the hydrometer. The built-in battery provides this information. The battery
load test indicates if the battery is capable of performing its job.


HYDROMETER TEST

Two types of Hydrometer:

1. Ball Hydrometer

2. Float Hydrometer


Ball hydrometer is similar to the ball type coolant hydrometer. Put
the rubber tube into the electrolyte, then squeeze and release the bulb.
Electrolyte will be drawn into the tube. If all balls float, the battery is fully
charged. If none, the battery is discharged. The more balls that floats, the
higher the battery state of charge.

The float hydrometer is used in the same way it will float in the
electrolyte drawn in. Marks on the float stem show the electrolyte specific
gravity. This indicates the state of charge, the more fully-charged the
battery, the higher the float.


PRECAUTION: Do not drip electrolyte on the car or on yourself.
Electrolyte will damage the paint and your cloth.


SPECIFIC GRAVITY


STAGE OF CHARGE

1.265 -1.299
1.235 -1.265
1.205 -1.235
1.170 -1.205
1.140-1.170
1.110-1.140


Fully charged battery
Three – fourths charged
One-half charged
One-fourth charged
Barely Operative
Completely discharged

Relationship between specific gravity and state of charge.
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SPECIFIC GRAVITY


STAGE OF CHARGE

1.100
1.160
1.200
1.220
1.260
1.300


18 [-8.2]
1 [-7.2]
-17 [-27.3]
-31 [-35]
-75 [-59.4]
-95 [-70.5]

Specific gravities and freezing temperatures for battery
electrolyte








SELF CHECK No. 2

LO 1. Test Automotive Battery

Directions: On the blank provided for, write the correct letter of your choice.

_________1. This type of hydrometer which is similar to bal type coolant
hydrometer.
a.) ball hydrometer
b.) flat hydrometer
c.) barometer
d.) A and B

_________2. A type of hydrometer which the state of charge marks on the
float stem to show electrolyte specific gravity.
a.) ball type hydrometer
b.) float hydrometer
c.) A and B
d.) None of the above

_________3. The indication if the battery is in full charge in using ball
hydrometer.
a.) all balls float
b.) no balls float
c.) A and B
d.) None of the above

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_________4. The more fully charge the battery is the higher the float is
indicating the state of charge of.
a.) float hydrometer
b.) ball hydrometer
c.) A and B
d.) All of the above

_________5. The more balls float, the higher the state of charge is.
a.) ball hydrometer
b.) float hydrometer
c.) A and B
d.) None of the above







OPERATION SHEET No. 1

TITLE: TESTING AUTOMOTIVE BATTERY USING
HYDROMETER


Procedure:
The teacher will discuss the procedure with the student with the aid of
pictures and actual battery.

1. Remove all battery vent caps.
2. Check the electrolyte level, it must be high enough to withdraw the
correct amount of solution into the hydrometer.
3. Squeeze the bulb and place the pick-up tube into the electrolyte of
a cell.
4. Slowly release the bulb. Draw in enough solution until the float is
freely suspended in the barrel. Hold the hydrometer in the vertical
position.
5. List the test result.



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Fig. 3 checking specific gravity of electrolyte using float
hydrometer.









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Program/Course: Automotive Servicing
Unit of Competency: Service Automotive Battery
Module Title: Servicing Automotive Battery

Learning Outcome 2: Remove and Replace Batteries

Assessment Criteria


1. Battery is removed and replaced to avoid damage to any work place property or
vehicle.

2. Appropriate tools and equipment are selected.


3. Actions are taken to prevent loss of vehicles if electronic memory is applicable



Resources

 Automotive Mechanics, 10
th
Edition
By: Crouse Anglin
 Automotive Electricity, Electronics and Computer Controls
By: Barry Hollembeak



















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LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES

Learning Outcome 2: Test Automotive Battery
Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read attached information sheet
no.1. Correct procedures in
connecting/disconnecting battery.

2. Answer self-check LO2-1 to test
your knowledge in the correct
procedures in
connecting/disconnecting battery.


3. Check your answer to answer key
LO 2-1.



4. Teacher demo on removing and
replacing battery.







 Answer the self-check without
looking at the information sheet.





 Refer to operation sheet no. 1




 Return demo
























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INFORMATION SHEET No. 1

Title : Correct Procedures in Connecting/Disconnecting a Battery.

Topic 1:
Connect a memory holder (a 9 -volt battery and adaptor) to the
cigarette lighter to keep the volatile memories alive while the battery is
disconnected from the vehicle. Follow the manufacturer’s instruction to
avoid overloading the 9-volt battery.

Disconnect the ground cable clamp, use a box wrench or battery pliers.
Loosen the clamp ball then pull the clamp from the terminal. Do not use
other pliers or an open-end wrench. If the clamp sticks, use a battery clamp
puller, do not pry the clamp off with screw driver or pry bar. You might
break the cover. Next, disconnect the insulated cable from the battery.
Clean the terminals and cables clamp. Detach the spring ring cable clamp
squeeze a part the ends of the rings with pliers. Next, disconnect the
insulated cable from the battery clean the terminals and cable clamps
loosen the hold-down clamps and remove the battery. Clean the battery tray
and hold-down clamps if the parts are metal, clean them with stiff brush on
a solution of baking soda and water. Open the water drain holes in the
bottom of the tray, after rinsing and drying, paint the tray and other metal
parts with acid resistant paint.

When installing the battery, do not reverse the terminal connections.
Reconnect the insulated cable first then the ground cable – tighten the hold
down clamps, do not over-tighten.


BE CAREFUL: Never install a battery backward. The reversed
polarity may caused high current flow which will damage electrical
components.



Fig. 4 Loosen the clamp bolt, using open end wrench

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SELF CHECK No. 3

Title : Removing and Replacing Battery

Directions: On the blank provided for write the correct letter of your choice.


______1. In disconnecting the battery the correct tools to be used is______.
a.) box wrench (12x13)
b.) open wrench
c.) battery pliers
d.) A and C

______2. The tool to be used to clamp the battery is _______.
a.) battery clamp puller
b.) screw driver
c.) pry bar
d.) B and C

______3. In cleaning the corrosion and foreign materials on the battery tray
you must clean with___________.
a.) brush with soda and water
b.) oil
c.) gasoline
d.) none of the above

______4. To disconnect the battery first ________.
a.) remove the vent plug
b.) disconnect the insulated cable from the battery
c.) disconnect the ground cable from the battery
d.) put the transmission in park or reverse

















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OPERATION SHEET No.1

TITLE: REMOVING AND REPLACING BATTERY


Condition

Supplies and materials

 Apron
 Gloves
 Soda solution

Tools

 Box wrench(12x13)
 Screw drivers
 Lifting clamp

Equipment

 Engine mock-up
 vehicle

PROCEDURE:

1. Prepare the tools and materials needed in removing the battery.



Fig 6 Prepared tools and materials






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2. Place the fender cover on the vehicle to protect the body paint.

3. Loosen the clamp bolt for the negative cable using terminal pliers and
wrench of correct size. Be careful not to just excessive force against
the terminal.



Fig 7 Loosen the clamp bolt

4. Use the terminal puller to remove the cable from the terminal. Do not
pry the cable off the terminal.



Fig. 8 Remove cable using terminal puller

5. Locate the negative cable away from the battery.


Fig 9 Separate negative cable
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6. Loosen the clamp bolt for the positive cable and use the terminal
puller to remove the cable.



Fig. 10 Remove cable using terminal puller

7. Disconnect the hold-down fixture(if available)



Fig. 11 Disconnect the hold down future

8. Using the battery lifting clamp. Remove the battery out from the tray.
Keep the battery away from your body. Wear protective clothing to
prevent acid spills onto your hands.



Fig 12 Remove battery out from the tray

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9. Transport the battery to the bench. Keep it away from your clothes.



Fig 13 Transport the battery to the bench


PRECAUTIONS: Wear protective clothing to prevent acid spills onto
your hands.



Program/Course: Automotive Servicing
Unit of Competency: Service Automotive Battery
Module Title: Servicing Automotive Battery

Learning Outcome 3: Service and Charge Battery

Assessment Criteria


1. Battery is charged using the appropriate battery charger.

2. Electrolyte level is checked and tapped.


3. Battery and its terminals are cleaned.


Resources

 Automotive Mechanics, 10
th
Edition
By: Crouse Anglin
 Automotive Electricity, Electronics and Computer Controls
By: Barry Hollembeak

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LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES

Learning Outcome 3: Service and Charge Battery
Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read the attached information
sheet no.1, charge-indicator
condition, two methods of battery
charging.

2. Answer self-check LO3-1 to test
your skills in the different battery
charge condition, methods of
battery charging.


3. Check your answer to the answer
key LO3-1.

4. When you are ready you can
proceed to learning outcome no. 4







 Answer the self-check without
looking at the information sheet.







 Answer the self-check within the
least possible time allotment.




























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INFORMATION SHEET No. 1


TITLE: Charging Batteries

Topic 1. Two Methods of Battery Charging:

Slow Charge: The battery is given a charge of a few amperes for several
hours.

Quick or Typical: A 30-ampere charging rate up to 30 minutes

For further charging, reduce the charging rate to 20 amp or less for up
to 3 hours longer. Change a maintenance free batter until the green dot
appears. To connect the charger to a side terminal battery, it may be
necessary to install bolts or adapters in the terminal bolt holes. When
charging a battery in a vehicle, disconnect the ground cable from the battery.
This protects electrical & electronic components from the high charging
voltage.

BE CAREFUL: Never connect the battery charge backward. The
reversed polarity may cause high-current flow which would damage
the vehicle electrical equipment.

WARNING:
Quick or fast charging two battery requires that the battery be
monitored at all times and the charging time must be controlled. Do no fast
charge a battery longer than tow hours. Excessive fast charging can damage
the battery. Do not allow the voltage of a 12-volt battery exceed 15.5 volts.
Also, do not allow temperature to rise above 125ºF.

CHARGE RATE

The charge rate required to recharge a battery depends on several
factors:

1. Battery capacity / high capacity batteries require longer charging time.
2. State of Charge
3. Battery Temperature
4. Battery Condition.









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SELF CHECK No. 1

LO 3. SERVICE USED CHARGE BATTERY

Direction: On the blank before each number write the correct letter of your
choice.

________1 A method of charging the battery is given a charge of a few
amperes for several hours.
a.) slow charge
b.) fast charge
c.) A and B
d.) None of the above

________2.For further charging reduce the charging rate to.
a.) 20 amp or less for up to 3 hrs
b.) 30 amp or more
c.) 40 amp or less
d.) A and B

________3. A method of battery charging rate given a 30 amp charging rate
up to 30 minutes.
a.) quick or fast charge
b.) slow charge
c.) A and B
d.) None of the above

________4.When charging the battery in a vehicle, first
a.) disconnect the ground cable
b.) disconnect the positive cable
c.) A and B
d.) None of the above
















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Program/Course: Automotive Servicing
Unit of Competency: Service Automotive Battery
Module Title: Servicing Automotive Battery

Learning Outcome 4: Jump Start Vehicle

Assessment Criteria


1. Vehicle is jump started to avoid damage to any workplace property or vehicle.

2. Jumper leads are selected and used to ensure spark protection which is
employed when necessary.


3. Leads are connected /disconnected correctly according to sequence and
polarity.



Resources

 Automotive Mechanics, 10
th
Edition
By: Crouse Anglin
 Automotive Electricity, Electronics and Computer Controls
By: Barry Hollembeak


LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES

Learning Outcome 4: Jump start the vehicle
Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read the operation sheet, jump
starting the vehicle LO 4-1

2. Upon reading, answer the
performance standard Lo4-1
3. Teacher Demo jump start the
vehicle





 Answer the self-check sheet by
labeling the points
 Return Demo on jump starting
procedure in the actual battery.


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OPERATION SHEET No. 1

TITLE: JUMP STARTING THE VEHICLE SAFELY

CONDITIONS

Supplies and Materials

 Correct size of cable wires

Tools

 Wrenches
 Pliers

Equipment

 Fully charge battery
 Vehicle


PROCEDURE

1. Attach one end of the positive jumper cable to the disabled battery’s
positive terminal.
2. Correct the other end of the positive jumper cable to the booster
battery’s positive terminal.
3. Attach one end of the negative jumper cable to the booster battery’s
negative terminal.
4. Attach the other end of the negative jumper cable to an engine ground
on the disabled vehicle.

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NOTE: Do not connect this cable end to the battery negative
terminal. Doing so may create a spark that will cause the
battery to explode.

5. Start the disabled vehicle.
6. Once the disabled vehicle starts, disconnect the ground connected
negative jumper cable from its engine block.
7. Disconnect the negative jumper cable from the booster battery.
8. Disconnect the positive jumper cable from the booster battery then
from the other battery.

CAUTIONS: Do not use more than 16 volts to jump starting a vehicle
that is equipped with an engine control module (EICM). The excess
voltage may damage the electronic components.

















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ASSESSMENT PERFORMANCE

LO 2. Test Automotive battery


Workmanship/Performance

Points

A. Quality of Work with Application of Safety Measures


35 - Exemplary


25 - Adequate


10 – Need improvement


B. Accuracy of Performance under specified time limit


30 – All work is complete and correct


20 – Minor mistake or error


10 – Some of the work maybe incomplete/misdirected


C. Proper use of tools/equipment with safety measures


35 – Select/use properly of tools/equipment


25 – Wrong handling of tools


10 – Tools is not suitable for the job

TOTAL SCORES





















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ASSESSMENT PERFORMANCE

LO 4. Jump start vehicle


Workmanship/Performance

Points

A. Quality of Work with Application of Safety Measures


35 - Exemplary


25 - Adequate


10 – Need improvement


B. Accuracy of Performance under specified time limit


30 – All work is complete and correct


20 – Minor mistake or error


10 – Some of the work maybe incomplete/misdirected


C. Proper use of tools/equipment with safety measures


35 – Select/use properly of tools/equipment


25 – Wrong handling of tools


10 – Tools is not suitable for the job

TOTAL SCORES




















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ANSWER KEY

No. 1



1. b

2. c

3. a

4. a

No. 2


1. a
2. b
3. a
4. a
5. a
No. 3

1. D
2. A
3. A
4. C
No. 4

1. A
2. A
3. A
4. A






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REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING:

1. Auto-Mechanics 10
th
Edition by Crouse/Anglin

2. Auto.-Trouble Shooting: Operation and maintenance/F.Francisco

3. Encarta Microsoft 2006

4. Diesel Mechanic/Erich J. Schulz

5. Modern Machining Technology/Richard Baril





































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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

It is a great privileged that this endeavour was given by the Task Force Tech-
Voc, Department of Education to the following participants of the
“Writeshop on the Refinement and Enrichment of Competency -Based
Curriculum (CBC), Contextual Learning Matrix (CLM) and Modules of
Arts and Trades”, conducted at Marikina Hotel on April 20-25, 2009. It is
the fervent hope of the writers that through their consolidated efforts they
are able to strengthen and enrich the Vocational Education curriculum to
fully prepare and equip Tech-Voc students to become locally and globally
competitive in the world of work.

TECHNOLOGY WRITERS:

Jonathan O. Diaz
TVE-Automotive-Technology Coordinator
San Pedro Relocation Center National High School
Langgam, San Pedro, Laguna

Romeo Q. Ibloguin Sr.
Teacher III
E. Rodriguez Vocational High School
Division of City Schools, Manila
Nagtahan, Sampaloc, Manila

Robert S. Domingo
Teacher I
AFG Bernardino Memorial Trade School
Lias, Marilao, Bulacan

Lino A. Olit
Teacher I
Community Vocational High School
Masipit, Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro

Arpil P. Medrano
Teacher I
Tanza National Trade School
Paradahan I, Tanza, Cavite


ACADEMIC WRITERS:

Araceli T. Bondoc
Head Teacher III (ENGLISH)
A.J. Villegas Vocational High School
Division of City Schools, Manila


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33. 28

Romhel C. Odtohan
Teacher I (ENGLISH)
AFG Bernardino Memorial Trade School
Lias, Marilao, Bulacan

Mary Ann P. Lait
Teacher I (SCIENCE)
Ragay National Agricultural and Fisheries School
Ragay, Camarines Sur

Helen U. Divina
Teacher I (SCIENCE)
General Mariano Alvarez Technical High School
Poblacion V, GMA, Cavite

Belen P. Caldez
Head Teacher VI (MATH)
E. Quirino High School
Division of City Schools, Manila

Arnie Lei M. Bangayan
Teacher I (MATH)
E. Quirino High School
Division of City Schools, Manila



Copyright Department of Education 2008

First Published JUNE 2008

This draft was prepared at the Competency -Based Learning Materials
Development Workshop conducted at the Development Academy of the Phils,
Tagaytay City on May 5-10, 2008.

This learning instrument was developed by the following personnel:












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34. 29
English:

Belen L. Tado
Tagum National High School
Tagum, Davao del Norte

Facilitator:

Beatrice A. Adriano
E. Rodriguez Vocational HS

Encoder

Rowena S. Fonacier


This work was produced with funding provided by the Department of
Education.









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