2.1_URBAN DESIGN PRINCIPLES, PATTERN AND SHAPE.pdf

Urban design

1. Topic
review
1.Role of Urban design (Urban planning
and Community architecture)
2.Elements of Urban design: Buildings,
Public space, Streets, Transportation
and Landscape.
Lesson 2.0
Elements of Urban Design

2. PLANNING 2
URBAN DESIGN
Lesson 2.1: Urban design principles, forms and shapes or pattern

3. “Urbandesignisaboutthebuiltenvironment,
providingit’suserswithanessentiallydemocratic
setting,enrichingtheiropportunitybymaximizing
thedegreeofchoiceavailabletothem”
-Ian Bentley (1985)

4. I. Urban design
principles
1.Permeability
2.Variety
3.Legibility
4.Robustness
5.Visual appropriateness
6.Richness
7.Personalization

6. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Permeability(The movement)
Characteristics of a place is how easy it is to get to
and move through. Places should also be integrated
physically or connected to their surrounding areas.
Movement system
•Amount of choice for how people will make their
journey.
•All modes of movement: Foot, cycle, by public
transport and by car (in that order of importance)
•Connections to existing roads and facilities
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7. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Permeability(The movement)
Large block size decreases permeability. Network
of public space divides the environmental into
blocks.
A well design movement system should
contribute to the development of small blocks.
Perimeter block development –preferred
building layout. Connected streets from plots of
land designated for building and other uses.
1

8. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Permeability(The movement)
Large block size decreases permeability. Network
of public space divides the environmental into
blocks.
A well design movement system should
contribute to the development of small blocks.
Perimeter block development –preferred
building layout. Connected streets from plots of
land designated for building and other uses.
1

9. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Permeability(The movement)
A building usually has two faces:
•Public face –front and faces the street.
•Private face –back of the building and faces
the inside of the block.
Building’s public face overlooks the street,
making it more safe and secure.
1

10. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Permeability(The movement)
A network, where possible, should:
1.Encourage walking, cycling, and using public
transport as an attractive alternative to
traveling by private cars.
2.Minimize walking distance to local facilities.
Many entrances as possible should be located around
the edges of public spaces.
1

11. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Permeability(The movement)
Decline in public permeability
•Scale of development
•Hierarchical layout
•Segregation
1

13. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Variety(The spices of life)
Varietyofuseunlockstheotherlevelsofvariety.
1.Variedbuildingtypesandforms
2.Variedpeople,timesandreasons
3.Variedmeanings-Differentusersinterpretthe
placeindifferentways.Differentactivities.
2

14. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Variety(The spices of life)
Mixed-usedevelopment
Mixofactivitiestothewildestrangeof
possibleusers.Atdifferentscalesfrom
globaltolocalenvironments,village,
townorcitywithinaneighborhoodora
street;orinasinglestructure.
2

15. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Variety(The spices of life)
AdvantagesofMixed-usedevelopment
Experienceimpliesplaceswithvaried
forms,usersandmeanings.Offersusers
achoiceofexperiences.
Whyisthisaproblem?
Itdependsonfeasibility;economic,
politicalandfunctional.
2

16. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Variety(The spices of life)
Three main factors to maximize
•Locate and arrange properly the
activities.
•Supply affordable spaces to houseor
accommodate activities.
•Extent to which design encourages
positive interactions.
Consider the Time element of each activity.
2

17. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Legibility(The Placemaking)
People can only take advantage of the choice if
those qualities offered in order, and they can grasp
the place’s layout.
Important two levels; Physical form and activity
patterns. Use a place’s potential to the full. Use to
complement one another.
3

18. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Legibility( The Placemaking)
Whyislegibilityaproblem?
Both form and use are reduced in modern environments.
Old city and new development don’t complement each
other.
3

19. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Legibility( The Placemaking)
Legiblephysicallayout
Peoplecanformclearandaccurateimageofthecity.
Prioritizetheusershowtheycangrasptheimageof
thecity(Pedestriansandvehicles).
Wemayexplorebygettingpeopletodrawmapsfrom
theirmemory.
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20. I. Urban design
principles
7 Responsive
Environments
Legibility
Kevin Andrew Lynch pioneered the perceptual
form of urban environments and was an early
proponent of mental mapping. American urban
planner and author of “Image of the city”
Five elements of urban form are sufficient to
make a useful survey of the form of a city.

21. I. Urban design
principles
7 Responsive
Environments
Legibility
Five elements of urban form
Paths–channels of movement
Diversion Road/BenignoAquino Avenue, Iloilo City

22. I. Urban design
principles
7 Responsive
Environments
Legibility
Five elements of urban form
Nodes –center of activity, focal places
and junctions of paths.

23. I. Urban design
principles
7 Responsive
Environments
Legibility
Five elements of urban form
Edges –Linear elements and the
termination of a district. Elements
like rivers, railways and elevated
motorways.

24. I. Urban design
principles
7 Responsive
Environments
Legibility
Five elements of urban form
Landmarks –points of reference and
which most people experience from
outside.
Festive walk, Mandurriao, Iloilo

25. I. Urban design
principles
7 Responsive
Environments
Legibility
Five elements of urban form
Districts –component neighborhoods
or district; a medium to large section
of the city. Identifying character.
Molo District JaroDistrict

26. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Legibility(The placemaking)
Five elements of urban form
1.Paths–channelsofmovement.
2.Nodes–centerofactivity.
3.Landmarks–pointsofreference.
4.Districts–Identifyingcharacter.
5.Edges–Theterminationofadistrict.

27. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Legibility(The placemaking)
Combiningnewandexistingelementssolution
Developtheprojectbyrelatingthenewdesignto
existingelementsonthesiteandinitssurroundings.
Considerthepathandnodesfordesigndevelopment.
Reinforcingpaths
1.Togiveeachpathastrongcharacterandeasily
distinguishedbyusers
2.Tobringouttherelativeimportanceofeachpath
3

28. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Legibility(The placemaking)
Reinforcingnodes–decidehowfarthelegibility
ofeachshouldbereinforced.
1.Functionalrolesofthelinkingstreets.
2.Level of public relevance of the activities in
the adjacent buildings.
3

29. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Robustness(The use)
Adesirablequalityofadevelopmentisifitcanbeusedfor
manydifferentpurposes,peopleandcanchangeandadapt
fordifferentuses.Environmentwhichcanbeusedformany
differentpurposes.
1.Small-scalerobustness
2.Large-scalerobustness
4

30. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Robustness(The use)
Whyisrobustnessaproblem?
Ownerofthedevelopment,patronage,renterorlotownerhasthe
ultimatepowerofdecidinghowaplaceshouldbedesignedliesinthe
handswhoeverpaysforit.
4

31. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Robustness(The use)
SolveitArchitecturally:
Small-scalerobustness–withinthebuilding
tochangetoaccommodateawiderangeof
activities.Interiorspaces.
1.Adjustingtheroomsizesandshapes
2.Spatiallayout
3.Roomdetails
4.Outdoorspaces
5.Privategardenspace
4

32. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Robustness(The use)
SolveitArchitecturally:
Large-scalerobustness–theabilityofthebuildingsasa
wholeorlargepartsofthemtobechangedinuse.
1.Designaccordingtothebuildingcode
oBuildingdepth,height,andaccess
oDevelopmentcontrols
oRule7&8ofNBCP
4

33. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Robustness(The use)
SolveitArchitecturally:
Large-scale robustness–the ability of the buildings as
a whole or large parts of them to be changed in use.
2. Public outdoor space
3. Designing the edge of space –active elements on
the ground floor
4

34. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Robustness(The use)
SolveitArchitecturally:
Large-scale robustness
4. Importance of Microclimate design
5. Consider vehicular and pedestrian activity
4

35. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Visualappropriateness(Thedetails)
Stronglyaffectstheinterpretationspeopleputonthe
place.Whenthesemeaningssupportresponsiveness,the
placehasaqualityofvisualappropriateness.
CuesareArchitecturalelementsanddetails.
Whatmakesthevisualsappropriate?
Interpretationcanreinforceresponsivenessby:
1.Place’slegibility
2.Place’svariety
3.Place’srobustness
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36. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Visualappropriateness(Thedetails)
Howdopeopleinterpretplaces?
Peopleinterpretvisualcuesashavingmeanings
becausetheyhavelearnedtodoso.Itisshared
bygroupsofpeople;whosememberswillmake
similarinterpretation.
Butdifferentsocialgroupsmaycreatedifferent
interpretationbecauseoftwomainreasons:
•Environmentalexperience
•Objectivesofthoseothergroups
5

37. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Visualappropriateness(Thedetails)
Usingcues(Architecturalelements)indesign
•Verticalrhythms
•Horizontalrhythms
•Skylines
•Walldetails(Material,color,wallpatterns
andetc.)
•Windows
•Groundleveldetails
5

38. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Visualappropriateness(Thedetails)
5

39. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Richness(TheSenseofexperience)
Increasesthevarietyofsense-experienceswhich
userscanenjoy.Mostoftheinformationwehandled
ischanneledthroughoureyes.
Designforallsenses.Richnessisnotpurelyavisual
matter;othersensesalsohavedesignimplication.
•Senseofmotion
•Senseofsmell
•Senseofhearing
•Senseoftouch
6

40. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Richness(TheSenseofexperience)
Increasesthevarietyofsense-experienceswhich
userscanenjoy.Mostoftheinformationwehandled
ischanneledthroughoureyes.
Designforallsenses.Richnessisnotpurelyavisual
matter;othersensesalsohavedesignimplication.
•Senseofmotion
•Senseofsmell
•Senseofhearing
•Senseoftouch
6

41. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Richness(TheSenseofexperience)
Howdouserschoose?
The basis of visual richness depends on the presence
of visual contrast. Two ways for users to choose from
different sense of experience:
•Focusing their attention on different experience
•Moving away from one source to another
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42. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Personalization(Theuniqueness)
Allows people to achieve an environment that
bears the stamp of their own tastes and
values, makes a person’s pattern of activities
clearer.
7

43. I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments
Personalization(Theuniqueness)
Where does personalization happen?
Privatepersonalizationiswithinthespace,
publicpersonalizationhappensatinevery
publicboundaryorthresholdsandexternal
surfacesorfaçade.
Publicimpact–erodethebalancebetween
patternandvariety.Privateactionswear
downthequalityofthepublicrealm.
7

44. 1.Permeability–The _______t
2.Variety–The s__s__ ____e
3.Legibility–The p___ ____g
4.Robustness–The u_______
5.Visual appropriateness –The _______
6.Richness–The se_____e__ e______e
7.Personalization–The _________
I. Urban design principles
7 Responsive Environments

45. I. Urban design
principles
7 Responsive
Environments
Legibility
Five elements of urban form
Diversion Road/BenignoAquino Avenue, Iloilo City

46. I. Urban design
principles
7 Responsive
Environments
Legibility
Five elements of urban form

47. I. Urban design
principles
7 Responsive
Environments
Legibility
Five elements of urban form

48. I. Urban design
principles
7 Responsive
Environments
Legibility
Five elements of urban form
Festive walk, Mandurriao, Iloilo

49. I. Urban design
principles
7 Responsive
Environments
Legibility
Five elements of urban form

50. PLANNING 2
URBAN DESIGN
Lesson 2.1: Urban design principles, forms and shapes or pattern

51. PLANNING 2
URBAN DESIGN
Lesson 2.1: Urban design principles, forms and shapes or pattern