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1. Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary Vocabulary Skill Development Reading Skill Development Teaching Methods and Strategies for Reading Comprehension in TOEFL

2. What is it to “know a word” Eight separate facets of knowledge for a word: Knowledge of word’s spoken form Written form How it behaves in sentences Words commonly found near the word Frequency in oral and written language Conceptual meaning How and when it is commonly used Association with other words Nation (1990) from Words and Meanings – see resource slide

3. Now You Try – Check the appropriate category Word Know well- can explain it Know something about it Have seen or heard the word Do not know the word Approximately spontaneous inflammable

4. Vocabulary Skill How to increase Vocabulary: Reading overall books: Read, read and read Keep a dictionary: When you uncover a new word, look it up in the dictionary to get both pronounciation and definition, then make a sentences. Vocabulary Definition Example sentences Perspicacious (adjectives) Having keen insight, judgment or understanding;shrewd If he had been more perspicacious , he might not have lost so much money on the stock

5. Vocabulary skill Use dictionary very well Learn a word a day Make a word diagram Table Ex: Table about profession About money Help to peoples Working with tools Economist Banker Stock broker Social worker Therapist counselor Engineer mechanic

6. 2. Vocabulary Map V-3 Adjective unique peculiar eccentric odd STRANGE Synonym Category  Project CRISS SM 2004 Unusual weird

7. Beck, McKeown & Kucan, 2002 3. Selecting Words For Vocabulary into 3 classification Words1 Words 2 Words 3 easy words, high frequency, meaning known by everyone words for mature language users; useful in a variety of situations not used often ; special to certain content subjects catch, when, believe benevolent, sinister, essential, endure isotope, lathe, tsunami

8. Assignment 2:Individual Get one journal, book and other literature in English based on your major study; free theme. find and list any words you don’t recognize of the text. Then, make a table containing definition and Examples sentences. Make a vocabulary map from the word that you find like an examples Then classification these word. Sending the task in 02 nd April 2017.

9. Vocabulary TOEFL Examples: Finding similar word 1. Disneyland first opened for bussiness in 1995. later (adv) originally (adv) next (adv) finally (adv) The shop was having financial difficulties because of its huge inventory. worsen (verb) problems (N) serious ( adj ) terribly (adv) Correct answer Usually in the toefl test, the question words and answer choices have same structure or word class. So, the question number 2 is rarely.

10. In the middle of the desert, they found a refreshing spring. hot dry sandy cooling Look the sentences of context and find a keyword. Desert is the keyword, has meaning gurun pasir . Vocabulary TOEFL Examples: Finding the keyword

11. Prehistoric man farmed the land by using primitive tools fashioned with rock and wood. advances metallic simple decorative Prehistoric shows past time, rock and wood give instruction about handmade tools.

12. His essay embraces all the main points of his philosophy. hugged entertained interlaced included Although embraced has meaning hugged in the other sentences, but in this sentences has meaning included . So, (D) is the best answer Vocabulary TOEFL Examples: having more one meaning

13. READING SKILL DEVELOPMENT Includes to: Reading for main ideas Reading for details Reading for inferences

14. 1. Reading for main idea Main idea = gagasan pokok suatu bacaan. Main idea mencangkup keseluruhan bacaan, bukan salah satu rincian bacaan. Main idea biasanya berkaitan dengan topik atau subjek. Dalam speaking or conversation gagasan pokok dapat diungkapkan dengan: Penekanan (stress) Nada bicara (tone of voices) Bahasa isyarat ( body languange)

15. Tetapi dalam penulisan, yang perlu diperhatikan adalah dimana meletakkan suatu main idea dan apakah main idea perlu ditempatkan pada klausa utama (main clause) atau klausa subordinate (subordinate clause) Berbagai bentuk pertanyaan yang menanyakan tentang main idea dlm bahasa inggris: (A) What is the passage? The main topic of The main idea of The subject of The main idea expressed of The primary topic of The main theme in The author’s main point

16. Klausa atau kalimat dalam teks bacaan berkaitan satu sama lain. Biasanya untuk menunjukkan hubungan antar kalimat digunakan LINKING DEVICES. Linking devices that: Qualify But , however , although, yet, except for Emphasize Surely, certainly, indeed, above all, most importantly Contrast Unlike, in contrast, whereas, on the other hand, instead Concede Although, yet, nevertheless, of course, after all Conclude Finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary, to sum up Add In addition, also, moreover, then, first, second etc.. Compare Similarly, like, in the same way, both, equally important Explain Now, in addition, furthermore, in fact, in this case, at this point Illustrate For example, next, for instance, thus, such, such as State a consequence Therefore, as a result, consequently, accordingly, otherwise

17. 2. Reading for details Menyangkut details atau rincian yang ada dalam bacaan. Dalam TOEFL pertanyaan tentang details selalu berurutan dalam bacaan. Berikut pertanyaan tentang Details: According to the passage….. The passage states that… The author states… What does the author say about…. It is indicated that…. All the following are mentioned EXCEPT… Which of the following is NOT supported by….

18. IDENTIFYING REFERENCES Dalam bahasa inggris mengulang kata atau frasa yang sama setiap kali tentu membosankan . Biasanya kita dapat mengacu daripada mengulangnya , yaitu dengan menggunakan kata acuan atau REFERENCE WORDS. Contoh : American an Mexican biologists have found that diephenodione , a man made anticoagulant. American an Mexican biologists have devised a method of using blood of victims as the means of getting the drug into bats. American an Mexican biologists have found that diephenodione , a man made anticoagulant. They have devised a method of using blood of victims as the means of getting the drug into bats.

19. Examples: A small group of scientist do not believe that dinosaurs extinct because they were big, clumsy beasts. Through their painstaking studies, these reserachers are trying to prove what really happened to those giants of yesteryear on the basis of a theory that will astonish many : they think the cause of their demise came from outer space. 1. They : 2. their : 3. these researchers: 4. those giant of yesteryear: 5. they : 6. their : dinosaurs These researchers A small group of scientists dinosaurs dinosaurs These researchers

20. 3. Reading for Inferences Inference : Suatu kesimpulan yang merupakan pernyataan tersirat dalam bacaan . Inference tidak langsung ditemukan dalam bacaan tetapi berdasarkan fakta-fakta yang terdapat dalam bacaan . Bentuk-bentuk pertanyaan inference: It can be inferred from the pasage that… The author implies that… The passage suggest that… It is possible that… It is likely that… The passage support which the following conclusions? It is implied that……

21. Drawing Logical Inference Of the seven men taking part in the experiment two were from Chiang Mai, two from other cities in Thailand, and the remainder from neighboring Southeast Asian countries. Fakta dalam bacaan yang tersurat : Tujuh orang laki-laki berperan serta dalam eksperimen . Dua diantaranya dari Chiang Mai Dua dari kota lain di Thailand Sisanya dari negara-negara lain di Asia Tenggara Implikasi-implikasi dalam bacaan : What is Chiang Mai? Chiang Mai is a city in Thailand. 2. Where and What is Thailand? Thailand is a country in Southeast Asia How many men from countries other than Thailand took part in the experiment? Keyword is reminder, of the seven, two were…., and two from….