2. Basics of Ball Valves, types and applications.pptx

Basics about ball valves

1. Ball Valves Presented by: Daniyal Ahmed

2. Introduction A valve is a device to control the flow of a fluid. Types of Valves: Isolation valve (Globe Valve, Gate Valve, Ball Valve etc.) Control Valve Pressure Reducing Valve Pressure Safety Valve Ball Valve is a type of isolation valves. Ball valves are rotary motion actuated valves. A ball valve is an on-off or a shut-off valve.  A ball valve is a quarter turn valve and is used where quick and frequent operation is essential.

3. Working: A ball with a hole through the middle is installed within the body. If the hole is in-line with the flow, the valve is said to be in the open position and there is little resistance to flow. If the hole is rotated 90 degrees and is perpendicular to the flow direction, the valve said to be in the closed position and there is no flow. The valve handle is often used to indicate the position of the valve. If the valve handle is in-line (parallel) with the piping, the valve is in the open position. If the valve handle is not in-line (perpendicular) with the piping, the valve is in the closed position .

4. Materials PVC Brass ( 67% copper and 33% zinc .) Bronze ( 88% copper and 12% tin) Cast Iron ( alloy of Iron and carbon) Ductile or SG Iron (Type of Cast Iron)* Carbon Steel Stainless Steel *SG iron has spherical shaped graphitic carbon whereas CI has flat graphitic flakes making SG iron much more stronger than cast iron.

5. End Connections Threaded or Screwed Flanged Welded

6. Internals of Ball Valve

7. Types of Ball Valves: There are four general types of ball valves: full port, standard port, reduced port, and v port. A full port ball valve  has an oversized ball so that the hole in the ball is the same size as the pipeline resulting in lower friction loss . Flow is unrestricted, but the valve is larger. A standard port ball valve   is usually less expensive, but has a smaller ball and a correspondingly smaller port. Flow through this valve is one pipe size smaller than the valve's pipe size resulting in slightly restricted flow .

8. Types of Ball Valves: There are four general types of ball valves: full port, standard port, reduced port, and v port. A v port ball valve   has a 'v' shaped ball. This allows the orifice to be opened and closed in a more controlled manner with a closer to linear flow characteristic. When the valve is in the closed position and opening is commenced the small end of the 'v' is opened first allowing stable flow control during this stage. This type of design requires a generally more robust construction due to higher velocities of the fluids, which would quickly damage a standard valve . A trunnion ball valve  has a mechanical means of anchoring the ball at the top and the bottom, this design is usually applied on larger and higher pressure valves(say 4 inch and above 600 psi) Trunnion Ball Valve V Port Ball Valve

9. Uses of Ball Valves: Ball Valves are used for  flow and pressure control and shut off for corrosive fluids, slurries, normal liquid and gases . They are used in the oil and natural gas industry, but also find a place in many manufacturing sectors, chemical storage, and even residential uses. Depending on what they are made of, ball valves can hold  up to 10,000 pounds per square inch . They are not recommended for use in pharmaceutical, bio processing and food or beverage applications because they cannot be cleaned easily.

10. Advantages and Disadvantages: A dvantages: This type of valve is considered  fast acting  as it can move from the fully open to fully closed position by rotating the valve stem only one quarter of a turn (90 degrees). Ball valves allow flow in  either direction  and have a very low pressure drop. Ball valves are well suited for direct  local manual operation , although they can be  remotely  actuated using a motor and planetary gearbox arrangement. Ball valves are usually the  cheapest  of all the common valve types and maintenance costs are also low .

11. Disadvantages: Ball valves are  not suitable where flow control (throttling)  is required as the flow rate cannot be accurately controlled. Ball valves should not be used in any flowing mediums with a high abrasive particle count. Abrasive particles could easily damage the valve seat and prevent the valve seating correctly . Advantages and Disadvantages:

12. One of the most common types of ball valve failures involves a buildup of dirt and sediment within the valve, making it difficult to open and close . Media leakage:  D amaged seals or loose nuts and bolts can cause media to leak out of the valve. Solution: Verify that your valve’s seat components are compatible with the system media. Check whether the elastomer components need to be replaced or if any hardware needs to be tightened. Three-piece ball valves allow replacement of these components without removing or replacing the entire valve. Failure Cases:

13. Production downtime:  A failed valve reduce production, which results in lost revenue and wasted time. Repair costs : Periodic equipment repairs are expected in any industrial setting, but repairs that result from valve failures can end up costing you more than you budgeted for. Effects of Failures:

14. Thank You!