2. Biostatistics types and methods of data collection

Types of data namely primary data, secondary data, and methods of data collection are described.

1. Paper XIV Unit. 2. Biostatistics 2.2 Types of data and Techniques / methods of data Collection Dr. Sudhakar Sambhaji Khot M.Sc., Ph.D., SET Assistant Professor in Botany Y. C. Warana Mahavidyalaya, Warananagar

2. Dr. S. S. KHOT 2 2.2 Collection and presentation of data : Types of data On the basis of source Primary Data (Collected by investigator from field/ experiment) Pure, complete info, purposely collected, First hand information, reliable Secondary Data (Collected from secondary sources like news paper, Journals, etc.) Second hand info, loss of data, processed one, reliable? On the basis of nature of data Qualitative Data (Non-numerical e.g. colour , gender) Quantitative Data (Numerical e.g. height, weight, age ) Nominal Gender e.g. Male, Female, Trans Ordinal Grades e.g. Fail, B, B+, A, A+ Discrete Integral, whole numbers e.g. No. of person/ family Continuous Any No. in a range. e.g. Height of person (Data : a set of facts expressed / recorded)

3. Dr. S. S. KHOT 3 2.2 Collection and presentation of data : Techniques of data collection Census Method: Data collected from all the individual items under investigation. e.g. height of all students from a class / school Advantages: Accuracy, reliability, true and more representative data Disadvantages : consume more time, money and manpower efforts, not applicable to all situations (e.g. life of bulb) 2. Sampling Method:

4. Dr. S. S. KHOT 4 2.2 Collection and presentation of data : Techniques of data collection Census Method: Data collected from all the individual items under investigation. Sampling Method: Data collected from small group of population as representatives. Note: Sample should be a true representative of whole population Advantages : requires less time, energy and efforts, useful where census fails Disadvantages: needs expertise, may give misleading results a) Simple Random: every item in population gets equal chance of selection (lottery/ tippet table). A pplicable to comparatively small and homogeneous population . b) Stratified sampling: random selection of samples from different strata. A pplicable to heterogeneous population , divide population in different homogeneous groups and select samples randomly. c) Systematic Sampling: select equidistant items after random start (Quasi random sampling). Applicable to large and heterogeneous population with definite items. 1 2 3 5 4 1 2 3 6 4 5 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

5. Dr. S. S. KHOT 5 Thank You 2.2 Types and methods of data Collection 2.1 Introduction, definition, terminology 2.3 Classification of data: Tabulation 2.4 Graphical representation- Histogram and polygon 2.5 Measures of central tendency Mean , Median, Mode ( for Ungrouped data) 2.6 Measures of central tendency Mean , Median, Mode ( for grouped data) 2.7 Measures of Dispersion Range , Mean Deviation, Std. Dev., Coe. Variation ( for Ungrouped data) 2.8 Measures of Dispersion Standard Deviation and Coefficient of Variation (CV ) ( for grouped data) 2.9 Test of Significance Student’s t-test ( for paired samples) 2.10 Test of Significance Chi-Square Test ( x 2 ) Index of Videos on this Chapter Like, Share and Subscribe