2. EVOLUTION OF ICT.pptx

Evolution of ICT

1. Information and communication technology ( ict )

2. Information and communication technology ( ict ) Collectively refers to the technologies, both hardware and software , that enable humans to communicate with one another. It is a common misconception that ICT is Internet or computer alone , Basically, it is any form of technology that enables you to communicate.

3. Evolution of ict There are four main periods in history that divide the era of ICT. Pre mechanical Mechanical Electro mechanical Electronic

4. The Pre mechanical Period The pre mechanical period can be traced back thousands of years ago, around 3000 BCE to 1450 CE. During this time, humans started communicating with one another using words and pictograms curved in rocks .

5. The Pre mechanical Period

6. The Pre mechanical Period Then they started to write symbols as substitutes for pictures to depict ideas. When paper was finally produced from papyrus plant, storing of information was revolutionized.

7. The Pre mechanical Period PAPYRUS PLANT

8. The Pre mechanical Period Humans continued to write information that can be organized in some manner and kept as a permanent record. They compiled these records written on pieces of paper and bound them together, eventually giving birth to books. As these books grew in number, they needed to compiled and stored in areas, libraries were created. Libraries were considered the first data centers in history

9. The Abacus Consider the most popular device created in this period is said to have come from China. ABACUS

10. The Abacus The abacus is manually operated device similar to the modern calculator. This was considered as the first device to process information.

11. The Mechanical Period This period served as the bridge between our current period and the premechanical period. This period started around 1450 – 1840. During this time, the interest in automating and speeding up numerical calculations grew . The machines driven by mechanical means such as steam and gears dominated information processing and calculation.

12. Pascaline In 1642, Blaise Pascal invented an adding device called Pascaline . This device adopted partly the principles of abacus. However, instead of the beads, wheels were used to move its counters. This device was used for addition and subtraction. Blaise Pascal

13. Leibniz’s machine In 1673, Gottfried Leibniz made some improvements on Pascal’s machine and built a device that could add, subtract, multiply and divide numbers. Gottfried Leibniz

14. Analytical engine In the early 1837s, Analytical Engine, considered to be the first programmable mechanical computer Charles Babbage “Father of the Computers”

15. Analytical engine In the early 1837s, Analytical Engine, contained features such as arithmetic logic unit, control flow and integrated memory . These features would then become part of the blueprint in the creation of succeeding computers, especially during the first half of the 20 th century.

16. The Electromechanical Period This period started around 1840 - 1940. in this period, the use of electricity for information handling and transfer bloomed. The need and the urgency to share information with one another in a faster yet reliable manner over long distances aroused.

17. The Electromechanical Period This period saw the use of the telegraph to transmit information over long distances. The information is coded in sounds of dots, spaces and dashes over wired. (eventually wireless)media.

18. The Electromechanical Period

19. The Electromechanical Period The telegraph is considered the first electrical communication device. It was the first device to use electricity to transmit information over electrical media.

20. The Electromechanical Period first invented in 1837 by William Cooke and Sir Charles Wheatstone, the first working model used five magnetic needles that could be pointed around sets of letters and numbers by using electric current.

21. The Electromechanical Period Telephone

22. The Electromechanical Period In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell was granted the patent for the telephone.

23. The Electromechanical Period The Telephone converts sounds into electricity and enables the telephone network to transmit it over copper wires.

24. The Electronic Period The last period in ICT history is electronic period. It started in 1940’s and continues to the present.

25. The Electronic Period The four main event found in this period are the late vacuum tubes period, the transistor period, the integrated circuits period and the computer processors period.

26. The Electronic Period The latter period of vacuum tube machines is the part of the electronic period. The dawn of ENIAC.

27. The Electronic Period Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer.

28. The Electronic Period (ENIAC) , the first electronic and general purpose computer, marked a revolutionary period in computing. ENIAC was a big machine that occupied an area of 167 square meters. Aside from its big size, its processing speed was slower than those of machines used today

29. The Electronic Period In 1947, the transistor was invented. It is an electronic device with properties and functions similar to vacuum tubes, but it is lightweight and faster. The transistor is the foundation of every electronic device today.

30. The Electronic Period The transistor (left) may be one third of the total size of the vacuum tube (right) but it transmits information more efficiently.

31. The Electronic Period

32. The Electronic Period An American electrical engineer named Jack Kilby was credited for introducing the integrated circuit (IC) in 1958. The integrated circuit (IC) is a device that is composed of a group of transistors and circuit element compressed in a single package.

33. The Electronic Period The IC revolutionized the use of computers and electronic devices because circuits are integrated in a chip or a single package, limiting the distances between components, resulting in a faster operating speed. Because of this, a number of smaller devices intended for information processing and communication were developed.

34. The Electronic Period Integrated Circuit

35. The Electronic Period The advent and development of integrated circuits ushered in the period of powerful processors . ICs are used in processing devices, and processors are constructed in IC. Personal computers then used these processors to deliver user applications.

36. The Electronic Period Processor / CPU

37. The Electronic Period Latest processor

38. Additional Knowledge ! MOUSE

39. Additional Knowledge ! DOUGLAS ENGELBART

40. Additional Knowledge ! M anually O perated U tility used for S electing E quipment