2.Introduction.pptProduction Chemistry aspects of Well Engineering

DRILLING FLUIDS
What is a drilling fluid
Drilling fluid properties and functions
Drilling fluid testing (Lab testing & HSE)
Drilling fluid types, contaminants and treatments
Solids control & drilling fluid related hole problems
Drilling fluids HSE & economics
Completion fluids

1. SubjectSubject::Well Engineering ChemistryWell Engineering Chemistry
TopicTopic::Drilling Fluids - W181Drilling Fluids - W181
1
WELL ENGINEERING CHEMISTRYWELL ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
W - 181W - 181
Production Chemistry aspects of Well
Engineering
By
Ben Arentz

2. SubjectSubject::Production Engineering ChemistryProduction Engineering Chemistry
TopicTopic::Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181
2
COURSE CONTENTCOURSE CONTENT
•DRILLING FLUIDS
•What is a drilling fluid
•Drilling fluid properties and functions
•Drilling fluid testing (Lab testing & HSE)
•Drilling fluid types, contaminants and treatments
•Solids control & drilling fluid related hole problems
•Drilling fluids HSE & economics
•Completion fluids
•Completion fluid types & properties
•Cements
•Why cement
•Cement properties
•Cement recipies & cementing operations
•Lab testing of cements

3. SubjectSubject::Production Engineering ChemistryProduction Engineering Chemistry
TopicTopic::Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181
3
COURSE OBJECTIVESCOURSE OBJECTIVES
•AT THE END OF THIS COURSE YOU WILL UNDERSTAND:
•All about drilling fluids, their functions, properties and the various types
•Drilling fluid problems, contaminants and treatments
•Drilling fluids economics and HSE aspects
•Completions fluids; types, properties and treatments
•Cements; functions and properties
•Cement additives and testing

4. SubjectSubject::Production Engineering ChemistryProduction Engineering Chemistry
TopicTopic::Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181
4
SESSION TOPICSESSION TOPIC
DRILLING FLUIDS

5. SubjectSubject::Production Engineering ChemistryProduction Engineering Chemistry
TopicTopic::Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181
5
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
•AT THE END OF THIS SESSION YOU WILL BE ABLE TO:
•List the main technical and operational challenges for drilling fluids in drilling
operations.
•Describe the process for designing, formulating, using and monitoring a
drilling fluid.
•List the primary influencing factors on drilling fluids performance.
•Calculate the essential data required for effective drilling fluid management.
•List the key elements in assessing the performance and economics of a drilling
fluid.
•Identify the main HSE aspects of drilling fluids.

6. SubjectSubject::Production Engineering ChemistryProduction Engineering Chemistry
TopicTopic::Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181
6
KEY ISSUEKEY ISSUE
•THE DRILLING FLUID IS AN ENGINEERED TOOL TO:
•MAXIMISE DRILLING PERFORMANCE
•MAXIMISE PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF A WELL
•MINIMISE COST
•HAVE MINIMAL HSE IMPACT

7. SubjectSubject::Production Engineering ChemistryProduction Engineering Chemistry
TopicTopic::Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181
7
KEY ISSUEKEY ISSUE
•THE DRILLING FLUID IS AN ENGINEERED TOOL TO:
•MAXIMISE DRILLING PERFORMANCE (M/DAY)
•MAXIMISE PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF A WELL (M³/DAY)
•MINIMISE COST ($/M  $/M³)
•HAVE MINIMAL HSE IMPACT ($$)

8. SubjectSubject::Production Engineering ChemistryProduction Engineering Chemistry
TopicTopic::Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181
8
OPERATIONS FOCUSSEDOPERATIONS FOCUSSED
•OPERATIONAL COSTS:
•Improved penetration rates
•Maintaining stable borehole
•Avoiding stuck pipe & expensive delays
•Delivery of a quality well

9. SubjectSubject::Production Engineering ChemistryProduction Engineering Chemistry
TopicTopic::Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181
9
HSE FOCUSSEDHSE FOCUSSED
•COMPANY OBJECTIVE:
•MINIMISE HSE risk in all our operations;
•Potential impact on the crews
•Potential impact on equipment and facilities
•Potential impact upon the surrounding environment

10. SubjectSubject::Production Engineering ChemistryProduction Engineering Chemistry
TopicTopic::Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181
10
SESSION TOPICSESSION TOPIC
FUNCTIONS OF A DRILLING FLUID

11. SubjectSubject::Production Engineering ChemistryProduction Engineering Chemistry
TopicTopic::Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181
11
FUNCTIONS OF A DRILLING FLUIDFUNCTIONS OF A DRILLING FLUID
Clean the Drilling Face
Clean the Bit
Assist Drilling
Cool the Bit
Minimize Torque
Minimize Drag
Avoid Stuck Pipe
Control Pressure
Release the CuttingsOptimize Input HP
Stabilize the Bore Hole
Suspend the Cuttings
Transport the Cuttings
Protect the Reservoir
Collect Data

12. SubjectSubject::Production Engineering ChemistryProduction Engineering Chemistry
TopicTopic::Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181
12
DRILLING FLUIDSDRILLING FLUIDS
•FUNCTIONS OF DRILLING FLUIDS (cont’d):
•Control formation pressures
•Mud column (m) x gradient (kPa/m)
•Over balance of 100 - 200 psi (700 - 1400 kPa) (density & rheology)
•Lift and carry drilled cuttings to surface
•Remove cuttings from below the bit immediately, to avoid re-drilling
•Reduced penetration rate
•Generation of fines  mud viscosity increase
•Annular velocity > cuttings slip velocity
•Cuttings removal on surface (Solids Removal Equipment) (rheology, density & pump
rate)
•Maintain a stable ‘in gauge’ hole
•Mud column pressure (over balance)
•Fluid loss/Filter cake
•Mud filtrate viscosity/inhibition
•Erosion (pump rates/solids) (density, viscosity, fluid loss
&
inhibition)

13. SubjectSubject::Production Engineering ChemistryProduction Engineering Chemistry
TopicTopic::Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181
13
DRILLING FLUIDSDRILLING FLUIDS
•FUNCTIONS OF DRILLING FLUIDS (cont’d):
•Cool and lubricate the bit
•Frictional heat/drilling deeper
•Pump rate
•Lubricate the drill string
•Slick filter cake
•Film of mud solids (Bentonite/Barytes)
•Lubricants (density)
•Secure hole information
•Preserve drilled cuttings/cores taken
•Prevent deep invasion of mud filtrate (fluid loss, density,rheology&
inhibition)
•Transmit power to downhole tools
•Mud motors (turbines) (rheology & density)
•Transmit signals from downhole tools
•MWD (Measurement While Drilling)

14. SubjectSubject::Production Engineering ChemistryProduction Engineering Chemistry
TopicTopic::Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181
14
DRILLING FLUIDSDRILLING FLUIDS
•REQUIREMENTS OF A DRILLING FLUID:
•Non damaging to people and environment
•Non damaging to hydrocarbon reservoirs
•Prevention of drilling problems
•Non corrosive/non abrasive
•Economical
•Easy to maintain
•Fit for purpose

15. SubjectSubject::Production Engineering ChemistryProduction Engineering Chemistry
TopicTopic::Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181
15
DRILLING FLUIDSDRILLING FLUIDS
•REQUIREMENTS OF A DRILLING FLUID (cont’d):
•Non damaging to people and environment
•WBM (Water Based Mud) (pH & Salinity)
•OBM (Oil Based Mud) (Aromatics content, flash point,
biodegradability &
Salinity)
•Non damaging to hydrocarbon reservoirs
•Near well bore impairment (fluid loss, rheology &
wettability)
•Prevention of drilling problems
•Bore hole stability (density, viscosity, fluid loss &
inhibition)
•Stuck pipe (density, fluid loss & filter
cake)
•Penetration rates (density & rheology)
•Equipment problems (corrosivity & abrasivity)

16. SubjectSubject::Production Engineering ChemistryProduction Engineering Chemistry
TopicTopic::Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181Well Engineering Chemistry: Drilling Fluids - W181
16
DRILLING FLUIDSDRILLING FLUIDS
•REQUIREMENTS OF A DRILLING FLUID (cont’d):
•Non corrosive/non abrasive
•All steel parts
•High temperatures (Salinity, pH, CO2, O2, H2S)
•Erosion (weighting materials, sand
content & pump rates)
•Economical
•Make up costs ($/kg, $/m³)
•Maintenance ($/m³/day) (downhole losses, stability)
•Reuse
•Easy to maintain
•Fit for purpose
•Engineered solution!