2. Management Basics Applied to Nursing.pptx

For 6th semester B.Sc Nursing students.

1. MANAGEMENT BASICS APPLIED TO NURSING Presented By: Mr . Nandish. S Asso . Professor, Mandya Institute of Nursing Sciences.

2. INTRODUCTION : We all manage our own likes & the practice of management is found in every aspect of human venture. Management is a process, a profession. It is both art and science. It is multidimensional in nature. It is a body of knowledge derived from philosophy, politics, economics, political science and behavioural sciences. Management does not provide cook-book solution to all problems, but provide phenomenon that can be measured.

3. DEFINITION : Many experts have tried to define management, but no definition has been universally accepted. It is the process of designing & maintaining an environment in which individuals work together in groups and efficiently accomplish selected aims. – Henri Fayol . It is a distinct process consisting of activities of planning, organizing, activating, controlling & performing to determine and accomplish stated objectives with the use of human beings & other resources. – Harold & Heinz .

4. 3. It is defined as the creation & maintenance of internal environment in an enterprise where individuals working together in groups, can perform efficiently & toward the attainment of group goals. – TN Chhabra 4. It is the process of designing & maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected items. - Koontz 5. It is the process that involves the coordination of human & material resources towards the accomplishment of certain objectives.

5. NURSING MANAGEMENT : It is also a process like nursing process, which includes steps like Data gathering, Diagnosing, Planning, organizing leading and controlling. It is a series of inter – related activities carried out schematically. Series of events include inputs of energy, material and information ; systematic transformation of input into pre planned product ; and monitoring of system input and throughput.

6. CONCEPTS OF NURSING MANAGEMENT : The concepts of nursing management derived from various thinkers of management discipline. They are as follows. Efficiency or Performance oriented view : It emphasizes the relationship between efforts and results to achieve predetermined objectives. It is the art of getting the desired nursing outcome by putting minimum effort.

7. 2. Decision – Oriented View : Acc. to Peter Drucker and Moore, decision making has a greater role in management, hence management is a decision making process. Nursing management is a process of making administrative decision and controlling nurses working in different positions in the hierarchy for expressed purpose of attaining the quality of patient care.

8. 3. Personal Oriented View : It is concerned with personnel management. Management is a process of coordinative efforts of the personnel working in the organization. Nursing management aiming to accomplish work through and with nursing personnel.

9. 4 . Functions Oriented view : It is a process of planning, organizing, coordinating and controlling the work of nursing personnel by nurse manager to achieve organizational goal. Utilize the available resources effectively. Acc to Gillies, it is a process of working through nursing staff members to provide care, cure and comfort to patients.

10. MANAGEMENT THEORIES : Traditional Theory Behavioural Theory Systems Theory Contingency Theory

11. Traditional Theory : The oldest & most accepted view point in management is the Traditional or classical view point. Traditional style stresses manager’s role in strict hierarchy and focuses on efficient and consistent job performance. Superiors are assumed to have greater expertise and therefore to be obeyed by subordinates. Characteristics of traditional management include adherence to routines & rules, division of labour, hierarchy, financial motivation and authority structure. …continued

12. Benefits of traditional style include efficiency, consistency, clear structure and emphasis on productivity. Most of the managers and health care organization use traditional management style today since it focuses on efficient and effective job performance today.

13. Behavioural Theory : As a result of Labour union in 1930’s, the great depression and World War II heralded another era in management. Managers were forced to focus on humanistic side of managing organizations. It stresses the importance of group dynamics and leadership style of manager. Behavioural view point include following 04 Assumptions. Workers are motivated by social needs & get a sense of identity through their associations with one another. …continued

14. 2. Workers are more responsive to the social forces exerted by their peers than to management’s financial incentives & rules. 3. Workers respond to managers who can help them satisfy their needs. 4. Managers need to coordinate the work of their subordinates democratically in order to improve efficiency .

15. Systems Theory : Just as human body consisting of organs, muscles, bones and circulatory system that links all parts together, organization is also a system consisting of many department that are linked by people working together. This theory approach problems by looking at Inputs, Transformation process, Outputs and Feedback. Inputs : physical, human, material, financial, information Transformation : technology used to convert inputs Outputs : goods and services Vital part of this theory is feedback loops .

16. Another vital component of systems theory is the interaction of system with environment. Here manager makes decisions only after identifying and analyzing how other managers, units, clients or others might be affected by decisions.

17. Contingency Theory : It emerged in 1960’s, in response to managers unsuccessful attempts to apply Traditional, behavioural and systems concepts to managerial problems. It is a blend of all these concepts. Here manager is expected to determine which method or combination of methods will be most effective in a given situation. Manager must be able to diagnose and understand the situation thoroughly, determine most useful approach, recognize impact of external environment, technology and the people involved before acting .

18. FEATURES OF MANAGEMENT : Distinct Process. Economic resources. Goal oriented. Integrative force. System of Authority. Multi disciplinary subjects. Universal application. It is the process of organized activities.

19. CHARACTERS / FEATURES MARKET MONEY MATERIAL MACHINES METHODS MEN

20. LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT : TOP MIDDLE LOW Executive coaching, change management, leadership, delegation. Problem solving, T eam building, Performance management . Emotional Intelligence, coaching for performance .

21. BASIS MANAGEMENT ADMINISTRATION Meaning It is an art of getting things done through others. It is concerned with formulation of broad objectives, plans & policies. Nature It is an executive function. It is a decision making function. Process It decides who should do it & how he should do it. It decides what is to be done & when is to be done. Function Here managers get work under their supervision. Here plans and policies are determined under it. Skills Technical & human skills. Conceptual & human skills. Level Middle & lower level. Top level function. Influence Here management decisions are influenced by values, opinions & beliefs. Here administration is influenced by public opinion, Govt. policies, religious organizations.

22. FUNCTIONS OF NURSING MANAGEMENT : Nursing is such a profession which has its own managerial and administrative functions. Acc. to Henry Fayol , management has 05 functions such as Planning and Forecasting, organizing, commanding, controlling and Coordination. Acc. to Luther Gulick , (father of Management) the first director of National Institute of Public Administration of USA, there 07 functions. They are Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Coordination, Reporting and Budgeting (POSDCORB ) .

23. 1. Planning : Nurse managers set the objectives, frame policies, strategies and prepare time schedules. It is a decision making process to define tasks and plan resources. 2. Organizing : It means to develop a system for maximum utilization of available resources. It involves identification and grouping of the activities and distribution of those among the staff to accomplish organizational objectives .

24. 3. Staffing : This include searching for the talents, recruitment, selection and deploying them in proper positions and organizing orientation and other skill training program and appraising them. 4. Directing and Leading : Direction deals with guiding, supervising, motivating and communicating with subordinates. Regular supervision, effective communication & leadership among managers are important ingredients for achieving objectives.

25. 5. Controlling : It is the process of comparing the actual performance & accordingly taking corrective actions. Budgeting deals with Fiscal planning, accounting and controlling of financial resources. 6. Coordination : It is important to synchronize and unifies individual staff efforts for better action to achieve organizational objectives .

26. PRINCIPLES OF NURSING MANAGEMENT : They provide guidelines for Nurse managers to work in their day to day work set up. They serve as ready reckoner for the divisions and actions of nurse manager working at different settings. Henry Fayol has given more emphasis on principles.

27. Division of work: it is also called as principle of specialization, where every employee is given one type of work to bring efficiency. Authority and responsibility : it is one’s right for giving orders to the juniors in hierarchy. Discipline : it refers to sincerity, respect and observance of rules and regulations of an organization. Unity of command : every subordinate must receive orders & instructions from one superior. Unity of Direction: all group activities directed towards the same goal. Subordination of individual interest to general interest : individual must sacrifice their interest to common interest.

28. 07. Fair remuneration: salary paid to the employees should be reasonable, satisfactory & rewarding of the effort. 08. Effective Centralization and Decentralization : authority rests at one place or one level in organization i.e administration retains most of the decision making power. 09. Scalar chain : it is the chain of supervisors ranging from ultimate authority to the lowest. It suggest that every order, instruction, message & request has to pass through this scalar chain. 10. Order : select suitable person for a suitable job, and there should be specific place for everyone according to it. 11. Equity : it means fair and impartial treatment. There should not be any discrimination in respect to age, gender, caste, relation, etc.

29. 12. Stability of Tenure : it means employees should not frequently move from one position (institution) to other. Fix employee to one particular position, which helps in creating sense of belongingness. 13. Initiative : the administration must provide an opportunity for subordinates to give new ideas, experience & new method of work. Esprit de Corps (unity is a strength) : it refers to sense of unity, team spirit, devotion & cooperation among members of group. It also refers to mutual understanding among employees.

30. Role of Nurse as a manager : Nurse has multiple, interrelated and over lapping role at managerial level. In general, they are responsible for managing resources such as personnel, material, standard operative procedures (SOP), Machinery or equipment and fiscal/finance. The different roles are as follows.

31. 1. Role in planning Nursing Service : It allows managers to organize, staff, direct and control all activities to fulfil the objectives of nursing department. They : Frame philosophy, mission, long & short term goals and objectives Develop various policies & administrative manuals like protocols, rules, procedures, et. Set nursing standards of care & nursing practice. Constitute different committees. Prepare a master rotation plan, job description & job specifications of various nursing categories. …continued

32. Maintain personal records, conducting various administrative meeting within and with other departments. Plan various in-service education programs and staff development programs.

33. 2. Role of Nurse in Organizing Nursing Services : To develop an organizational structure. To determine and categorize the activities to be performed by Nurses. To create a structure of various positions in the hierarchy. To utilize effectively various resources.

34. 3. Role in Human Resource Management : Determine number and type of nursing staff required. Develop job specification and description. Participate in recruitment, selection, placement, allocation and transferring staff. Plan and implement induction and orientation programs. Motivate, counsel, plan & implement stress management programs. Promote occupational health, safety & welfare of staff. Maintain discipline, high morale and professionalism among staff. Prepare assignment and work schedules (Rotation/time planning). Collective bargaining, negotiation & effective grievance procedures .

35. 4. Role in Interpersonal Relationship : As a figurehead (signing papers & attending program). Liaison officer (maintenance of contact between management & subordinates). Human relationship role (exchange of views and good communication among nurses). As a communicator & coordinator Public relation role (develop various information tools, education material & strategies to orient patient and relatives about rules and regulation ).

36. 5. Role in Decision making : As an enterpreneur As a conflict Handler As a change manager

37. THANK YOU