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1. Professionalism

2. Definition
•TheconceptofprofessionhasrootsinGreekandroman.Latin
precursorofProfiteormeaning“toprofessabelief“.
•Professionalshavesenseofvocation.
•Professionalismistheinternalizedconceptualizationofexpected
professionalobligations,attributes,interactions,attitudes,valuesand
rolebehaviorinrelationtoindividualpatientandclientsand
societyaswhole.
•IndividualProfessionalism–internalizedbeliefofprofessional
regardingprofessionalobligation.

3. SociologicalPerspective(ritzer)
Structural
approach
Processual
approach
Power

4. Approaches
•Structuralapproach-staticcharacteristicsanoccupationmust
posses(Talcottparsons)
•Processualapproach-thesocialprocessordevelopmentalchangesan
occupationgoesthroughtoattainpowerandstatus
•Powerapproach-professionsabilitytoobtainthepoliticaland
socialpower.

5. PavalkosoccupationtoProfession
continuum
Dimensions occupation profession
Theory,intellectualtechnique absent present
Relevancetosocialvalues Notrelevant relevant
Trainingperiod 1.Short
2.Nonspecialised
3.Subcultureunimportant
1.Long
2.Specialised
3.Subcultureimportant
motivation Selfinterest service
autonomy absent present
commitment Shortterm Longterm
Senseofcommunity low high
Codeofethics undeveloped developed

6. Autonomy
extenttowhichanindividualfeelsfreedomandindependenceinhis
orherrole.
•“individualphysicaltherapistshavefreedomtoexerciseprofessional
judgmentinhealthpromotion,preventionofdisabilityand
rehabilitationofpatients.Insofarastheactionsofphysical
therapistsaretheresponsibilityoftheindividualphysicaltherapists,
itfollowsthattheirprofessionaldecisionscannotbecontrolledor
compromisedbyemployers,personsfromotherprofessionsorothers.”

7. Selfregulationofethicalstandards
•Possessionofcodeofethicsandmechanismthatensuresmembers
abidebytherules.
•Fourmajorethicalviolations
1.Makingadiagnosis
2.Offeringaprognosis
3.Advertisingforpatient
4.Criticisingadoctororcoworker
•Codeofethicsismeaninglessuntilitsmemberslivebytheideals
andenforceitsprovisions.

8. Accountabilityofprofessionals
•Professionalhavedutiesandmustaccounttothepublicfor
dischargeofduties
•Emaneul-“theprocessbywhichapartyjustifiesitsactionor
duties.”

9. Physical
therapist
govern
ment
Patient
Private
payers
employe
rs
investor
s
Manage
dcare
plans
hospital
s
Professi
onal
associati
ons
lawyers

10. Modelsofprofessionalism
•Commercialmodel-commercialinterchangeinwhichphysical
therapyisproductorcommodityandthetherapistmustcompete
withthepatientandotherprofessionalstosellservicesand
maximizeprofit.
•Guildmodel-theprofessionalisatransmitterofexpertise,
competenceandmoralstandards.Ptfunctionsinapaternalisticrole.
•Interactivemodel-avoidsnegativeaspectofboth.Therapistand
patientsinteractingasmoralequalsinarelationshipinwhicheach
personhasadifferentfunctions.

11. Ozarsmodelofprofesionalism
commercial guild Interactive(ideal)
Dominantconcern Maximizingprofits Servicetobenefitpat. Shareddecisionmaking
NatureofPTservices commercial privilige Expertisebeoughtto
interactionformoral
equals
Rolepfpts salesperson expert Decisionmaker
Roleofclient consumer Passiverecepient Partnerindecisionmaking
Pt-clientrelationship Competitors Paternalism,noclient
autonomy
Mutualdialogin
partnership
Criteriafordetermining
patientintervention
ServicesclientcanaffordNeedofclient Needsofclientas
determinedthroughdialog
Relationshipwithotherptscompetitors colleagues Interactionofequals

12. Roleofthedoctorwithinthehealth
service
understandingofthehealthcaresystem.
1.Understandingofclinicalresponsibilities
2.Appreciationofdoctorasresearcher
3.Appreciationofdoctorasmentororteacherorteacher.
4.Appreciationofdoctorasmanagerincludingqualitycontrol
5.Teamworking

13. ElementsofProfessionalism
•Altruism–thebestinterestofthepatients,notselfinterest,isthe
rule.
•Accountability-itisrequiredatmanylevels–toindividualpateints,
societyandtheprofession.
•Excellence–entailsaconscientiousefforttoexceednormalexpectations
andmakeacommitmenttolife-longlearning.
•Duty–isthefreeacceptanceofacommitment.
•Honourandintegrity–theconsisitentregardforthehigheststandards
ofbehaviourandrefusaltoviolateonespersonalandprofessionalcodes.
•Respectforothers.

14. 10commitmentsofprofessionalism
•Toprofessionalcompetence
•Tohonestywithpatients
•Topatientsconfidentiality
•Tomaintainappropriaterelationships
•Toimprovingqualityofcare
•Toimproveaccesscare
•Toajustdistributionoffiniteresources
•Toscientificknowledge
•Tomaintaintrust
•Toprofessionalresponsibilities

15. LackofProfessionalism
•SignandSymptom
1.Abuseofpower–abusewhileinteractingwithpateints,biasand
sexualharassment,breachofconfidentiality
2.Arrogance-offensivedisplayofsuperiority)
3.Greed
4.Mispresentation(lyingmisleading)

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