220711130034 NILESH KUMAR MANDAL UNIVERSAL ACCESS.pptx

220711130034 NILESH KUMAR MANDAL

1. THE UNIVERSITY OF BURDWAN KALNA COLLEGE B.Ed DEPARTMENT COURSE-EPC3 INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Guided By- Submitted By- Dr. Aniket Sutradhar Name- NILESH KR MANDAL B.Ed Department Roll no- 220711130034 Kalna College Reg.No-201901000226 OF 2019-20 Session-2022-24 Semester-IV

2. COURSE – EPC3 ASSESSMENT OF THE LEARNING PROCESS TOPIC- UNIVERSAL ACCESS VS DIGITAL DIVIDE ISSUES AND INITIATIVES

3. Universal Access: Universal access refers to the principle that everyone should have equal opportunity and ability to access and use information and communication technologies (ICTs) such as the internet, computers, and mobile devices.

4. Initiatives: Government Policies : Many governments have policies to ensure broadband access reaches all citizens, often through subsidies or infrastructure development. Non-Profit Organizations : NGOs and non-profits work to provide technology access in underserved areas, often through community centers or mobile units. International Agreements : Global initiatives aim to bridge the digital divide by promoting ICT infrastructure development in less developed regions.

5. Digital Divide : The digital divide refers to the gap between those who have access to modern information and communication technologies and those who do not, often due to economic, social, or geographic reasons .

6. TYPE OF DIGITAL DIVIDE:

7. Issues: Access: Disparities in access to hardware (computers, smartphones) and infrastructure (broadband internet). Skills: Differences in digital literacy and skills needed to effectively use technology. Usage: Variances in how technology is used and integrated into daily life and work.

8. Initiatives: Infrastructure Development: Building internet infrastructure in rural and underserved areas. Education and Training: Programs to teach digital skills and literacy, targeting marginalized communities. Affordable Technology: Initiatives to make devices and internet services more affordable. Public Awareness: Campaigns to highlight the importance of digital inclusion and reduce stigma or barriers to technology adoption.

9. Examples of Initiatives : Connectivity Initiatives: Projects to extend internet access to remote areas, such as Google's Project Loon and Facebook's initiatives using drones or satellites. Educational Programs: Organizations like UNESCO's Global Education Coalition which aim to provide access to educational resources through digital platforms. Community Centers: Establishing public centers with internet access for communities lacking infrastructure. Government Policies : Subsidies and incentives for companies to expand broadband coverage in rural or economically disadvantaged areas.

10. CONCLUSION: These initiatives collectively aim to reduce the digital divide and enhance universal access to technology, thereby promoting more equitable opportunities for education, economic development, and social inclusion worldwide.