23 EL PGS Sec-I (Shared).ppt power generation systems
junaidjawedgorar
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Oct 17, 2025
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About This Presentation
The best knowledge on power generation systems including Steam power plant nuclear hydro & Coal fired
Slide Content
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
PROF. DR. SYED ASIF ALI
SHAH
HEC Approved PhD Supervisor
PhD, TUWien-Austria
[email protected]
Department of Electrical Engineering
Mehran UET, Jamshoro, Sindh-Pakistan
FORMS, ADVANCEMENT AND THEIR NECESSITY
PROF. DR. SYED ASIF ALI
SHAH
HEC Approved PhD Supervisor
PhD, TUWien-Austria
[email protected]
Department of Electrical Engineering
Mehran UET, Jamshoro, Sindh-Pakistan
FORMS, ADVANCEMENT AND THEIR NECESSITY
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
PROF. DR. SYED ASIF ALI
SHAH
HEC Approved PhD Supervisor
PhD, TUWien-Austria
[email protected]
Department of Electrical Engineering
Mehran UET, Jamshoro, Sindh-Pakistan
PROF. DR. SYED ASIF ALI
SHAH
HEC Approved PhD Supervisor
PhD, TUWien-Austria
[email protected]
Department of Electrical Engineering
Mehran UET, Jamshoro, Sindh-Pakistan
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Nature of Generation, Transmission & Distribution Systems
1.Power station
2.Set of transformers
3.Transmission lines
4.Substations
5.Distribution lines
6.Supplementary equipment
1.Choice of system voltage
2.Voltage variations
3.Voltage drop
4.Reliability
5.Loading capacity
6.Location and load growth
Nature of Generation, Transmission & Distribution Systems
1.Power station
2.Set of transformers
3.Transmission lines
4.Substations
5.Distribution lines
6.Supplementary equipment
1.Choice of system voltage
2.Voltage variations
3.Voltage drop
4.Reliability
5.Loading capacity
6.Location and load growth
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
NATURE AND SCOPE OF POWER GENERATION
1.Installed Capacity
2.Reliability
3.Loading capacity
4.Location and load growth
1.Biofuels: Biomass, Ethanol and Biodiesel
2.Coal
3.Geo-Thermal
4.Hydro-Power
5.Liquid Petroleums (Oil & Gas)
6.Solar
7.Uranium
8.Wind
9.OTEC
10.MHD
11.Wave-Power
12.Pedestal, Pressure, Step-Power
13.Vibro-Kinetic Energy, Frictional
14.Tidal Energy
Renewable, Conventional, Fossil Fuel, Location Based, Transportable,
Efficient, Availability, Environment Friendly
All energy sources affect environment. There is no complete “clean” energy
source.
NATURE AND SCOPE OF POWER GENERATION
1.Installed Capacity
2.Reliability
3.Loading capacity
4.Location and load growth
1.Biofuels: Biomass, Ethanol and Biodiesel
2.Coal
3.Geo-Thermal
4.Hydro-Power
5.Liquid Petroleums (Oil & Gas)
6.Solar
7.Uranium
8.Wind
9.OTEC
10.MHD
11.Wave-Power
12.Pedestal, Pressure, Step-Power
13.Vibro-Kinetic Energy, Frictional
14.Tidal Energy
Renewable, Conventional, Fossil Fuel, Location Based, Transportable,
Efficient, Availability, Environment Friendly
All energy sources affect environment. There is no complete “clean” energy
source.
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Environmental Impact by Energy Source
1.Biofuels: Biomass, Ethanol and Biodiesel
2.Coal
3.Geo-Thermal
4.Hydro-Power
5.Petroleum (Oil & Gas)
6.Solar
7.Uranium
8.Wind
9.Others
All energy sources affect the environment.
There is no such thing as a completely “clean” energy source.
Environmental Impact by Energy Source
1.Biofuels: Biomass, Ethanol and Biodiesel
2.Coal
3.Geo-Thermal
4.Hydro-Power
5.Petroleum (Oil & Gas)
6.Solar
7.Uranium
8.Wind
9.Others
All energy sources affect the environment.
There is no such thing as a completely “clean” energy source.
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Energy Source Pros Cons
Solar Energy
1.Nonpolluting
2.Most abundant energy
source available
3.Systems last 15-30 years
1.High initial investment
2.Dependent on sunny weather
3.Supplemental energy may be
needed in low sunlight areas
4.Requires large physical space
for PV cell panels
5.Limited availability of
polysilicon for panels
Wind Energy
1.No emissions
2.Affordable
3.Little disruption of
ecosystems
4.Relatively high output
1.Output is proportional to
wind speed
2.Not feasible for all
geographic locations
3.High initial
investment/ongoing
maintenance costs
4.Extensive land use
Energy Source Comparison
Energy Source Pros Cons
Solar Energy
1.Nonpolluting
2.Most abundant energy
source available
3.Systems last 15-30 years
1.High initial investment
2.Dependent on sunny weather
3.Supplemental energy may be
needed in low sunlight areas
4.Requires large physical space
for PV cell panels
5.Limited availability of
polysilicon for panels
Wind Energy
1.No emissions
2.Affordable
3.Little disruption of
ecosystems
4.Relatively high output
1.Output is proportional to
wind speed
2.Not feasible for all
geographic locations
3.High initial
investment/ongoing
maintenance costs
4.Extensive land use
Energy Source Comparison
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Energy Source Comparison
Energy Source Pros Cons
Hydro Power
No emissions
Reliable
Capable of generating large
amounts of power
Output can be regulated to
meet demand
Environmental impacts by changing
the environment in the dam area.
Hydroelectric dams are expensive to
build
Dams may be affected by drought
Potential for floods
Natural Gas
Widely available
Cleanest-burning fossil fuel
Often used in combination with
other fuels to decrease
pollution in electricity
generation
Made safe by adding artificial
odor so that people can easily
smell the gas in case of a leak
Transportation costs are high
Lack of infrastructure makes gas
resources unavailable from some
areas
Burns cleanly, but still has
emissions
Pipelines impact ecosystems
Energy Source Comparison
Energy Source Pros Cons
Hydro Power
No emissions
Reliable
Capable of generating large
amounts of power
Output can be regulated to
meet demand
Environmental impacts by changing
the environment in the dam area.
Hydroelectric dams are expensive to
build
Dams may be affected by drought
Potential for floods
Natural Gas
Widely available
Cleanest-burning fossil fuel
Often used in combination with
other fuels to decrease
pollution in electricity
generation
Made safe by adding artificial
odor so that people can easily
smell the gas in case of a leak
Transportation costs are high
Lack of infrastructure makes gas
resources unavailable from some
areas
Burns cleanly, but still has
emissions
Pipelines impact ecosystems
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Energy Source Comparison
Energy Source Pros Cons
Petroleum
Efficient transportation fuel for
the world
Basis of many products, from
prescription drugs to plastics
Economical to produce
Easy to transport
High CO2 emissions
Found in limited areas
Supply may be exhausted before
natural gas/coal resources
Possible environmental impact
from drilling/transporting
Biomass
Abundant supply
Fewer emissions than fossil fuel
sources
Can be used in diesel engines
Auto engines easily convert to
run on biomass fuel
Source must be near usage to cut
transportation costs
Emits some pollution as gas/liquid
waste
Increases emissions of nitrogen
oxides, an air pollutant
Uses some fossil fuels in
conversion
Energy Source Comparison
Energy Source Pros Cons
Petroleum
Efficient transportation fuel for
the world
Basis of many products, from
prescription drugs to plastics
Economical to produce
Easy to transport
High CO2 emissions
Found in limited areas
Supply may be exhausted before
natural gas/coal resources
Possible environmental impact
from drilling/transporting
Biomass
Abundant supply
Fewer emissions than fossil fuel
sources
Can be used in diesel engines
Auto engines easily convert to
run on biomass fuel
Source must be near usage to cut
transportation costs
Emits some pollution as gas/liquid
waste
Increases emissions of nitrogen
oxides, an air pollutant
Uses some fossil fuels in
conversion
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Energy Source Comparison
Energy Source Pros Cons
Coal
Abundant supply
Currently inexpensive to extract
Reliable and capable of
generating large amounts of
power
Emits major greenhouse gases/acid
rain
High environmental impact from
mining and burning, although
cleaner coal-burning technology is
being developed
Mining can be dangerous for
miners
Uranium
No greenhouse gases or CO2
emissions
Efficient at transforming energy
into electricity
Uranium reserves are abundant
Refueled yearly (unlike coal
plants that need trainloads of
coal every day)
Higher capital costs due to safety,
emergency, containment,
radioactive waste, and storage
systems
Problem of long-term storage of
radioactive waste
Heated waste water from nuclear
plants harms aquatic life
Potential nuclear proliferation issue
Energy Source Comparison
Energy Source Pros Cons
Coal
Abundant supply
Currently inexpensive to extract
Reliable and capable of
generating large amounts of
power
Emits major greenhouse gases/acid
rain
High environmental impact from
mining and burning, although
cleaner coal-burning technology is
being developed
Mining can be dangerous for
miners
Uranium
No greenhouse gases or CO2
emissions
Efficient at transforming energy
into electricity
Uranium reserves are abundant
Refueled yearly (unlike coal
plants that need trainloads of
coal every day)
Higher capital costs due to safety,
emergency, containment,
radioactive waste, and storage
systems
Problem of long-term storage of
radioactive waste
Heated waste water from nuclear
plants harms aquatic life
Potential nuclear proliferation issue
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Energy Source Comparison
Energy Source Pros Cons
Geo-Thermal
Minimal environmental impact
Efficient
Power plants have low
emissions
Low cost after the initial
investment
Geothermal fields found in few
areas around the world
Expensive start-up costs
Wells could eventually be depleted
Energy Source Comparison
Energy Source Pros Cons
Geo-Thermal
Minimal environmental impact
Efficient
Power plants have low
emissions
Low cost after the initial
investment
Geothermal fields found in few
areas around the world
Expensive start-up costs
Wells could eventually be depleted
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
NATURE OF GENERATION
1.Installed Capacity
2.Reliability
3.Loading Capacity
4.Location and Load Growth
5.Economically Viable
6.Environment Friendly
1.Biofuels:
Biomass, Ethanol and Biodiesel
2.Coal
3.Geo-Thermal
4.Hydro-Power
5.Petroleum (Liquid & Gas)
6.Solar (Direct and Indirect)
7.Uranium (Nuclear Power)
8.Wind
9.OTEC
10.Wave Power
11.Tidal Power
12.Vibro-Kinetic Power
13.MHD
Renewable, Non-Renewable, Conventional and Non-
Conventional
NATURE OF GENERATION
1.Installed Capacity
2.Reliability
3.Loading Capacity
4.Location and Load Growth
5.Economically Viable
6.Environment Friendly
1.Biofuels:
Biomass, Ethanol and Biodiesel
2.Coal
3.Geo-Thermal
4.Hydro-Power
5.Petroleum (Liquid & Gas)
6.Solar (Direct and Indirect)
7.Uranium (Nuclear Power)
8.Wind
9.OTEC
10.Wave Power
11.Tidal Power
12.Vibro-Kinetic Power
13.MHD
Renewable, Non-Renewable, Conventional and Non-
Conventional
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
NATURE OF GENERATION
1.Installed Capacity
2.Reliability
3.Loading Capacity
4.Location and Load Growth
5.Economically Viable
6.Environment Friendly
Renewable, Non-Renewable, Conventional and Non-
Conventional
1.Biofuels: Biomass, Ethanol and Biodiesel
2.Coal
3.Geo-Thermal
4.Hydro-Power
5.Petroleum (Oil & Gas)
6.Solar
7.Uranium
8.Wind
9.OTEC
10.MHD
11.Wave-Power
12.Tidal Power
13.Others (Pedestal, Pressure, Step-Power)
NATURE OF GENERATION
1.Installed Capacity
2.Reliability
3.Loading Capacity
4.Location and Load Growth
5.Economically Viable
6.Environment Friendly
Renewable, Non-Renewable, Conventional and Non-
Conventional
1.Biofuels: Biomass, Ethanol and Biodiesel
2.Coal
3.Geo-Thermal
4.Hydro-Power
5.Petroleum (Oil & Gas)
6.Solar
7.Uranium
8.Wind
9.OTEC
10.MHD
11.Wave-Power
12.Tidal Power
13.Others (Pedestal, Pressure, Step-Power)
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT BY ENERGY SOURCE
1.Biofuels: Biomass, Ethanol and Biodiesel
2.Coal
3.Geo-Thermal
4.Hydro-Power
5.Petroleum (Oil & Gas)
6.Solar
7.Uranium
8.Wind
9.Others
All energy sources affect the environment.
There is no such thing as a completely “clean” energy source.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT BY ENERGY SOURCE
1.Biofuels: Biomass, Ethanol and Biodiesel
2.Coal
3.Geo-Thermal
4.Hydro-Power
5.Petroleum (Oil & Gas)
6.Solar
7.Uranium
8.Wind
9.Others
All energy sources affect the environment.
There is no such thing as a completely “clean” energy source.
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
ISSUES and PROBLEMS
Pakistan’s Scenario
World Scenario
1.SSM & DSM
2.Conservation
3.Environment
ENERGY CRISIS: SCENARIO
ISSUES and PROBLEMS
Pakistan’s Scenario
World Scenario
1.SSM & DSM
2.Conservation
3.Environment
ENERGY CRISIS: SCENARIO
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
ENERGY CRISIS: PAKISTAN’s SCENARIO
1.Lack of integrated energy planning
2.Demand forecasting
3.Absence of central & focused entity responsible for the Energy Sector
4.Imbalanced Energy Mix
5.Heavy reliance on gas (47.5%) and Oil (30.5%) (72% imported)
6.Non-utilization of vast indigenous resources e.g., Thar Coal and Hydel
7.Lack of effective project structuring, planning and implementation of
indentified and viable projects
8.Inadequate primary energy sources or access to or local availability/
development
9.Exhaust of current transmission line loading capabilities
10.Unexpected load growth
11.Failure to supply peak demand
12.Losses
13.Pollution
ENERGY CRISIS: PAKISTAN’s SCENARIO
1.Lack of integrated energy planning
2.Demand forecasting
3.Absence of central & focused entity responsible for the Energy Sector
4.Imbalanced Energy Mix
5.Heavy reliance on gas (47.5%) and Oil (30.5%) (72% imported)
6.Non-utilization of vast indigenous resources e.g., Thar Coal and Hydel
7.Lack of effective project structuring, planning and implementation of
indentified and viable projects
8.Inadequate primary energy sources or access to or local availability/
development
9.Exhaust of current transmission line loading capabilities
10.Unexpected load growth
11.Failure to supply peak demand
12.Losses
13.Pollution
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
ENERGY CRISIS: WORLD’s SCENARIO
1.Energy Conservation 2. Smart Grids, Micro Grids
3. Distributed Power Generation 4. Automation & Control
5. Green Power Projects 6.Electrified Vehicle/Transport System
ENERGY CRISIS: WORLD’s SCENARIO
1.Energy Conservation 2. Smart Grids, Micro Grids
3. Distributed Power Generation 4. Automation & Control
5. Green Power Projects 6.Electrified Vehicle/Transport System
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
ELECTRICITY GENERATION BY SOURCE
ELECTRICITY GENERATION BY SOURCE
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
ELECTRICITY GENERATION BY SOURCE
China 72%
India 56%
USA 51%
Coal Power Generation
ELECTRICITY GENERATION BY SOURCE
ELECTRICITY GENERATION BY SOURCE
China 72%
India 56%
USA 51%
Coal Power Generation
ELECTRICITY GENERATION BY SOURCE
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Current 2016 2030 Per 2005 Energy Plan
Revised Plan 2030
ELECTRICITY GENERATION BY SOURCE
Current 2016 2030 Per 2005 Energy Plan
Revised Plan 2030
ELECTRICITY GENERATION BY SOURCE
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Comparing five most prominent sources of energy and how they measure up against each other
Energy Sources
Solar powerWind power Hydro power Fuel powerNuclear power
Initial cost Low Low High Lowest Highest
Running cost High High Low Highest Least
Reserves Day time onlyPermanent Permanent Limited Abundant
Cleanliness High High Highest Lowest Low
Simplicity Complex Complex Simplest Complex Most complex
Reliability Low Low Highest Low High
Comparing five most prominent sources of energy and how they measure up against each other
Energy Sources
Solar powerWind power Hydro power Fuel powerNuclear power
Initial cost Low Low High Lowest Highest
Running cost High High Low Highest Least
Reserves Day time onlyPermanent Permanent Limited Abundant
Cleanliness High High Highest Lowest Low
Simplicity Complex Complex Simplest Complex Most complex
Reliability Low Low Highest Low High
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Thermal Power Station
Thermal Power Station
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Thermal Power Station
Thermal Power Station
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Thermal Power Station
Thermal Power Station
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Layout
Layout
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Layout
Layout
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Steam Power Plant- Block Diagram
Steam Power Plant- Block Diagram
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Steam Power Plant- Block Diagram
Steam Power Plant- Block Diagram
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Steam Power Plant- Block Diagram
Steam Power Plant- Block Diagram
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Turbine
Turbine
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Turbine
Turbine
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Turbine
Turbine
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Boiler
Boiler
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Boiler
Boiler
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Boiler
Boiler
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Boiler
Boiler
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Boiler
Boiler
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Economizer
Economizer
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
ID & FD Fans
ID & FD Fans
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Superheater
Superheater
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Deaerator
widely used for the removal of
oxygen and other dissolved gases
from the feedwater to steam-
generating boilers. In particular,
dissolved oxygen in boiler
feedwater cause serious corrosion
damage in steam systems by
attaching to the walls of metal
piping and other metallic
equipment in forming oxides (rust)
To remove oxygen, carbon dioxide and other noncondensable
gases from feed water.
To heat the incoming makeup water and return condensate to an
optimum temperature for:
Minimizing solubility of the undesirable gases
Providing highest temperature water for injection to the boiler
Deaerator
widely used for the removal of
oxygen and other dissolved gases
from the feedwater to steam-
generating boilers. In particular,
dissolved oxygen in boiler
feedwater cause serious corrosion
damage in steam systems by
attaching to the walls of metal
piping and other metallic
equipment in forming oxides (rust)
To remove oxygen, carbon dioxide and other noncondensable
gases from feed water.
To heat the incoming makeup water and return condensate to an
optimum temperature for:
Minimizing solubility of the undesirable gases
Providing highest temperature water for injection to the boiler
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Deaerator
Deaerator
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Furnace and Boiler
Furnace and Boiler
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Control Room
Control Room
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Control Room
Control Room
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Control Room
Control Room
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Control Room
Control Room
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Control Room
Control Room
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
IPP’s
INSTALLED
CAPACITY
DEPENDABLE
CAPABILITY
CAPABILITY
AT PEAK 8pm
LOAD:SHARED
DURING PEAK
KAPCO
HUBCO
KEL
AES LALPIR
AES PAKGEN
SEPCOL
HCPC
UCH
ROUSCH
FKPCL
SABA
JAPAN
LIBERTY
CHASHNUPP-I
JAGRAN
AEL
MALAKAND-III
AGL
ATLAS POWER
ENGRO POWER
SAIF POWER
ORIENT POWER
NISHAT POWER
NISHAT CHUNIA
FOUNDATION POWER
SAPPHIRE
LIBERTY TECH
HUBCO NOROWAL
HALMORE
CHASHNUPP-II
1638
1292
131
362
365
135
140
586
450
157
134
135
235
325
30
31
81
163
219
226
225
225
200
200
175
225
200
220
225
340
1342
1200
124
348
349
110
129
551
395
151
126
107
212
300
30
27
81
156
214
217
210
213
195
195
175
209
195
214
207
315
1125
1166
104
340
340
82
107
497
373
142
123
39
185
0
30
25
54
150
200
210
0
91
102
105
159
184
123
168
177
0
1125
1166
104
340
340
82
107
497
373
142
123
39
185
0
30
25
54
150
200
210
0
91
102
105
159
184
123
168
177
0
TOTAL PRIVATE 9070 8297 6401 6401
IPP’s
INSTALLED
CAPACITY
DEPENDABLE
CAPABILITY
CAPABILITY
AT PEAK 8pm
LOAD:SHARED
DURING PEAK
KAPCO
HUBCO
KEL
AES LALPIR
AES PAKGEN
SEPCOL
HCPC
UCH
ROUSCH
FKPCL
SABA
JAPAN
LIBERTY
CHASHNUPP-I
JAGRAN
AEL
MALAKAND-III
AGL
ATLAS POWER
ENGRO POWER
SAIF POWER
ORIENT POWER
NISHAT POWER
NISHAT CHUNIA
FOUNDATION POWER
SAPPHIRE
LIBERTY TECH
HUBCO NOROWAL
HALMORE
CHASHNUPP-II
1638
1292
131
362
365
135
140
586
450
157
134
135
235
325
30
31
81
163
219
226
225
225
200
200
175
225
200
220
225
340
1342
1200
124
348
349
110
129
551
395
151
126
107
212
300
30
27
81
156
214
217
210
213
195
195
175
209
195
214
207
315
1125
1166
104
340
340
82
107
497
373
142
123
39
185
0
30
25
54
150
200
210
0
91
102
105
159
184
123
168
177
0
1125
1166
104
340
340
82
107
497
373
142
123
39
185
0
30
25
54
150
200
210
0
91
102
105
159
184
123
168
177
0
TOTAL PRIVATE 9070 8297 6401 6401
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
UNIT COMMITMENT (through Priority List)UNIT COMMITMENT (through Priority List)
S. NO.
PLANT GROUP
FUEL TYPE
FUEL COST
Rs / KWh
FINAL UNIT COST
Rs / KWh
1 UCH GAS 1.30501 1.54982
2
LIBERITY GAS 1.78975 2.05142
3 LAKHRA GAS 2.86770 3.09373
4 KAPCO GAS 4.03475 4.15933
5 GUDDU GAS 4.33350 4.40240
6 GTPS KOTRI GAS 5.19900 5.34179
7 JAMSHORO GAS 6.23220 6.28007
8 GUDDU MIX 11.87665 12.42337
9 JAMSHORO MIX 12.64475 13.13363
10 JAMSHORO F.O 16.54840 16.99289
11 AES PAKGEN F.O* 14.91169 15.04151
12 AES LALPIR F.O* 14.91169 15.04151
13 HUBCO F.O* 14.73086 16.52821
14 KAPCO HSD 17.57257 18.99601
15 GUDDU F.O 17.97550 19.66840
16 GTPS KOTRI HSD 24.16080 24.25070
UNIT COMMITMENT (through Priority List)UNIT COMMITMENT (through Priority List)
S. NO.
PLANT GROUP
FUEL TYPE
FUEL COST
Rs / KWh
FINAL UNIT COST
Rs / KWh
1 UCH GAS 1.30501 1.54982
2
LIBERITY GAS 1.78975 2.05142
3 LAKHRA GAS 2.86770 3.09373
4 KAPCO GAS 4.03475 4.15933
5 GUDDU GAS 4.33350 4.40240
6 GTPS KOTRI GAS 5.19900 5.34179
7 JAMSHORO GAS 6.23220 6.28007
8 GUDDU MIX 11.87665 12.42337
9 JAMSHORO MIX 12.64475 13.13363
10 JAMSHORO F.O 16.54840 16.99289
11 AES PAKGEN F.O* 14.91169 15.04151
12 AES LALPIR F.O* 14.91169 15.04151
13 HUBCO F.O* 14.73086 16.52821
14 KAPCO HSD 17.57257 18.99601
15 GUDDU F.O 17.97550 19.66840
16 GTPS KOTRI HSD 24.16080 24.25070
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Gas Turbine Power Station
Combining two or more thermodynamic cycles:
Brayton cycle and Rankine cycle, results in improved overall efficiency. It can also
work with the Otto, Diesel, and Crower cycles which may allow it to be suited to
automotive use. Aside from the Rankine cycle, the Stirling cycle could also be used
Gas Turbine Power Station
Combining two or more thermodynamic cycles:
Brayton cycle and Rankine cycle, results in improved overall efficiency. It can also
work with the Otto, Diesel, and Crower cycles which may allow it to be suited to
automotive use. Aside from the Rankine cycle, the Stirling cycle could also be used
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Gas Turbine Power Station
Gas Turbine Power Station
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Gas Turbine Power Station
Brayton-type engine consists of three components
1. Gas compressor
2. Mixing chamber
3. An expander
Gas Turbine Power Station
Brayton-type engine consists of three components
1. Gas compressor
2. Mixing chamber
3. An expander
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Gas Turbine Power Station
Advantages Disadvantages
It is simple to design & construct compared to
a Steam Power station, since no boilers are
required.
Problem of starting. Compressor needs to be
operating thus external source of power is
necessary.
Much smaller compared to Steam Power
station of same capacity
Net output is low since greater power is used
to drive compressor.
Lower operating costs Overall efficiency of plant is low ≈ 20%
because of exhaust gases still containing heat.
only efficient in a Combined cycle
configuration
Less water used since there is no need for a
condenser
Temperature of combustion chamber is too
high thus resulting in a lower life.
Maintenance charges are low .
Can be started quickly .
No stand-by losses .
Gas Turbine Power Station
Advantages Disadvantages
It is simple to design & construct compared to
a Steam Power station, since no boilers are
required.
Problem of starting. Compressor needs to be
operating thus external source of power is
necessary.
Much smaller compared to Steam Power
station of same capacity
Net output is low since greater power is used
to drive compressor.
Lower operating costs Overall efficiency of plant is low ≈ 20%
because of exhaust gases still containing heat.
only efficient in a Combined cycle
configuration
Less water used since there is no need for a
condenser
Temperature of combustion chamber is too
high thus resulting in a lower life.
Maintenance charges are low .
Can be started quickly .
No stand-by losses .
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology© 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering23EL-I PGS
Gas Turbine Power Station
Gas Turbine Power Station
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