23CH60R58Pradeep Kumar Mudavath bhai ki ppt.pptx

pradeep bhai ki ppt hai

1. Department of Chemical Engineering IIT, Kharagpur SEMINAR – I (CH69001) by Pradeep Kumar Mudavath 23CH60R58 Experimental Evaluation of An Indirectly-Irradiated Packed-Bed Solar Thermochemical Reactor For Calcination-Carbonation Chemical Looping 1

2. Introduction Solar Thermochemical Reactors Calcination-Carbonation Chemical Looping Energy Efficiency and Role of Metal Oxide Materials Indirectly-Irradiated Packed-Bed Reactor Experimental Setup Methodology Results Conclusion References Contents 2

3. Introduction What is a Solar T hermochemical R eactor? How does it work? A dvantages of Solar Thermochemical R eactors. Types of Solar Thermochemical reactors (Direct & Indirect Reactors). Importance of Calcination – Carbonation Chemical Looping Process. Promising Technology, Surface Area, Sintering, Removes Water. P hotograph of inner structure in Solar Thermochemical Reactor 3

4. Calcination-Carbonation Chemical Looping Process It is a reversible chemical process for capturing (CO2) from power plants and other industrial sources. The process uses a calcium-based sorbent, such as (CaCO3), to absorb CO2. The sorbent is then heated to a high temperature, called calcination, which releases the CO2. The CO2 can then be stored or used for other purposes. 4

5. Calcination-Carbonation Chemical Looping Process Calcination step ( first step ): T he sorbent is heated to a high temperature, 800-900 ° C. This causes the sorbent to decompose, releasing the CO2. The CO2 is then captured and stored . Carbonation step ( second step ): T he sorbent is cooled and brought into contact with CO2-rich gas. The CO2 reacts with the sorbent to form CaCO3, which is then ready to be heated again in the calcination step. 5

6. Energy Efficiency and Role of Metal Oxide Materials Energy efficiency and CO2 capture potential R eactor configuration. T ype of solar collector used. P roperties of the sorbent material. Role of metal oxide materials High surface area, High reactivity , Chemical stability. Non-toxic, Non-corrosive, Non-reactive. Some Metal Oxide Materials used Ca, Mg, Zn Oxides. 6

7. Indirectly-Irradiated Packed-Bed Reactor Dual concentric cylindrical cavity Inner cylindrical cavity serves as radiation receiver. Annular cylindrical cavity is reaction chamber containing reactive particles. Experiment evaluation is done with simulated HFSS. Performance is evaluated for Single calcination reaction step. Single calcination-carbonation cycle. Multiple consecutive calcination-carbonation cycle. Cross Section of Solar Packed Bed Reactor 7

8. Experimental Setup HFSS : High-Flux Solar Simulator 18 radiation modules(2.5 KW). Radiative power & mean radiative flux (10.6 kW & 3.8 MW/m2). MFC: Mass Flow Controller. Ti , Tr are thermocouples. 8 Schematic Diagram of assembled solar thermochemical reactor

9. Solar Reactor Inner cylindrical cavity (SiC) (high K). Outer annular cavity (Mullite) (low K). Top and bottom distribution plates. Particle screens, Gas manifolds. DAQ: Data Acquisition. Experimental Setup 9 Photograph of assembled solar thermochemical reactor

10. Methodology Firstly, Pressure tests in reactor. Gas leakage using soap water. Operation controlled by changing sweep gas composition & radioactive input. Six modules operated at arc current (70A, 85A, 100A) – total radioactive power (1.2 kW, 1.6kW, 2.0 kW). To reduce thermal shock HFSS lamps operated at 10 min intervals (70A-100A). At shut down stage, reversed process. Extraction of solvent particles for determination of reaction extent. 10

11. Results – Thermal Performance Time evolution of the sample mass for the sorbent material—calcium carbonate undergoing : (e) multiple calcination– carbonation consecutive cycles (a–d) a single calcination–carbonation cycle 11

12. Results – Reactor Reaction Extent Temporal temperatures (a)inside the reactor reaction zone (b)inside the insulation, for the calcination reaction test (experimental run 1). Temporal reaction extent, 𝑋 r , for (a) the calcination reaction test (experimental run 1), (b) the one-cycle calcination–carbonation reaction test (experimental run 2). 12

13. Results – CO2 Capture Efficiency XRD patterns for the calcium carbonate samples Scanning electron microscopy images of samples Both figures as-received and after on-flux experimental runs 1 and 3 13

14. Challenges and Future Work Breakage of high temperature sealings which results in gas leakage. Filling and removing solid reactants may be challenging and impractical. Reactor performance improved by introducing heat conducting and particle stabilizing fins in annular reaction zone. Materials developed in such a way that are resistant to High temperatures. Harsh chemical environment of reactor. 14

15. Conclusion The first cyclic calcination-carbonation process in a solar packed-bed reactor. The two-step process was studied for solar-driven CO2 capture and thermochemical energy storage applications. I ndirectly-irradiated packed-bed reactor was evaluated under HFSS irradiation. Future implications for sustainable energy and CO2 reduction CO2 reduction in power plants by using solar reactors. The CO2 captured by the reactor could be used to make fuels and chemicals that are carbon neutral. This would help to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels. 15

16. References L. Reich, L. Yue, R. Bader, W. Lipiński, Towards solar thermochemical carbon dioxide capture via calcium oxide looping: A review, Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 14 (2) (2014) 500–514, http://dx.doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2013.05.0169. P. Fennell, B. Anthony (Eds.), Calcium and Chemical Looping Technology for Power Generation and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Capture in: Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy, Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, 2015. S. Pascual, P. Lisbona, M. Bailera, L.M. Romeo, Design and operational performance maps of calcium looping thermochemical energy storage for concentrating solar power plants, Energy 220 (2021) 119715, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. energy.2020.119715. W. Liu, H. An, C. Qin, J. Yin, G. Wang, B. Feng, M. Xu, Performance enhancement of calcium oxide sorbents for cyclic CO2 capture: A review, Energy Fuels 26 (5) (2012) 2751–2767, http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef300220x. J. Liu, Y. Xuan, L. Teng, Q. Zhu, X. Liu, Y. Ding, Solar-driven calcination study of a calcium-based single particle for thermochemical energy storage, Chem. Eng. J. 450 (2022) 138140, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.138140. 16

17. THANK YOU Any Queries? 17