24 hours dietary Assessment methods.pptx

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1. Dr Sadia Fatima Associate Professor Biochemistry Measuring food consumption at individual levels:

2. Nutritional intake of humans is assessed by different methods. These are: 24 hours dietary recall Repeated 24-hour recall Food frequency questionnaire((FFQ Method) Weighed Food Record method Dietary history Food dairy technique Observed food consumptiom Methods of dietary assessment

3. Measurement of dietary intake usually is conducted for one of three purposes: to compare average nutrient intakes of different groups, to rank individuals within a group, and to estimate an individual ‘s usual intake . Dietary measurement techniques can be categorized as daily food consumption methods (food record and 24—hour recall) and recalled ‘usual” or average food consumption methods (diet history and food frequency questionnaire). These techniques has e also been categorized as meal—based (food record and 24—hour recall) and List—based (food frequency questionnaire ). TECHNIQUES IN MEASURING DIET

4. This is the most widely used method where subjects are interviewed by trained professionals to recall the kinds and the amount of food consumed during the last 24 hours. Food intake per person or per consumption unit is calculated taking into account the age , sex and the number of family members. 24 Hour Dietary Recall Method

5. In the dietary recall method, a trained interviewer asks the respondent to recall in detail all the food and drink consumed during a period of time in the recent past. The interviewer then records this information for later coding and analysis. (In coding. a number is assigned to each kind of food, allowing it to be identified easily for computer analysis.) In most instances, the time period is the previous 24 hours. Thus, the method is most commonly known as the 24—hour recall. In dietary recall assessments, extending beyond 24 hours to periods like 48 hours, 7 days, or a month risks compromising accuracy due to rapid memory decay, outweighing gains in representativeness." 24 hours dietary procedure

6. 24 hours dietary procedure conti … Interviewers aid participants in recalling all consumed food and drink, estimating portion sizes. Recalls begin from waking up, progressing through the day, and tracing back exactly 24 hours. Inquiries about recent activities prompt memory recall, aiding in comprehensive intake assessment. Post-interview, checks are conducted for omissions or errors, with follow-up for clarification if needed. Details on preparation methods and serving sizes are recorded for analysis. Multiple non-consecutive recalls are necessary for capturing daily variability and achieving accuracy. Each food item is assigned a unique code for identification, distinguishing variations for analysis.

7. Uses . Useful for assessing average usual intakes of a large population, provided that the sample is truly representative and that the days of the week are adequately represented. • Used for international comparisons of relationship of nutrient intakes to health and susceptibility to chronic disease. Inexpensive, easy, quick, with low respondent burden so that compliance is high. • Large coverage possible; can be used with illiterate individuals. Element of surprise so less likely to modify eating pattern. Use in clinic set up

8. Components of Dietary Recall Assessment . method of preparation; (boiled/baked/fried); • brand name (commercial/ready to eat/parts eaten (whole item/half); ingredients(if mixed dish, what ingredients used and amounts; addition to foods ( was anything added to food during preparation or at the table; was any dressing added, cream or sugar)

9. Components of Dietary Recall Assessment . Get an accurate and complete listing of all food/drink individual consumed within last 24 hrs. Questions asked: – What food/drink was consumed? – How much was consumed? – Time it was consumed? How was it prepared ? How was it served? Details of food ( e.g low fat, 1%, whole, milk powder, preparation,

10. Components of Dietary Recall Assessment . Enlist all the family members who partook the meals yesterday. The completed age(in years for adults, in months for infants and young children). Their physiological status( pregnancy, lactation) Occupation- Sedentary, Moderate, Heavy. Economic status. This helps to arrive adult consumption units Housewife's/ individual is asked which food and what amounts were consumed on previous day or yesterday

11. Example of 24 hr recall method . Diet of a 28 years old sedentary female weighing 56 kgs

12. Advantages/Strengths . Inexpensive method Recalls intakes over the last 24-hours, therefore there is less burden on the respondents’ memory, leading to better accuracy and response rates. Captures detail information on eating patterns, preparation methods, place of consumption, etc Easy in administration(Requires less than 20 minutes to administer) . Interview-based 24-hour recall does not rely on the literacy and numeracy skills of the respondent. Useful in clinical settings Open-ended format used is appropriate for all eating patterns

13. Limitations/Weakness . Relies on memory and hence it is unsatisfactory for the elderly and young children. Multiple replicate 24h recalls used to estimate usual intakes of individuals. Requires well-trained interviewers with knowledge of cultural practices, eating habits, local recipes and preparation methods. Recall bias may be present, as respondents can be selective with the foods they choose to report during the recall Underreporting/ overreporting occurs. May be a tendency to overreport intake at low levels and overreport intake at high levels of consumption . Data entry can be very labor intensive

14. Assessment Activity . Collecting a 24-Hour Recall The 24-hour recall is probably the most commonly used technique for measuring diet. Consequently, it is important that health professionals involved in nutritional assessment understand, practice, and master this technique. In this assessment activity, you will collect a 24-hour recall from a classmate and calculate that person’s intake of kilocalories, protein, carbohydrate, total fat, calcium, and iron from a food composition table. Be sure to have a classmate collect a 24-hour recall from you, too. This will provide you with additional experience with recalls

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16. What is the most widely used indicator of nutritional status of children in a community? What is the best indicator of Nutritional status in an infant? What is the best indicator of Nutritional Status of underweight pregnant females? Which surveys are conducted in Pakistan for the Assessment of Nutritional Status of Community? Tell us some important finding of NNS 2018 Survey? Quiz