2D and 3D Animation: Motion in Dimension

2D and 3D discussion for Animation NC II

1. 2D and 3D ANIMATION Jerichko Bauer L. Laroco

2. What is Animation? Animation is the process by which we see still pictures move. Each picture shot on film one at a time and is shown at the rate of 24 – 26 pictures per second making the pictures appear to move.

3. Two Major types of Animation 2D Animation Is the traditional animation method that has existed since the late 1800s. It is one drawing followed by another in a slightly different pose, followed by another in a slightly different pose, on and on for 24 frames a second. 2D animation focuses on creating characters, storyboards, and backgrounds in two-dimensional environments. 3D Animation Is a type of animation that uses computer generated images to create animated scenes. And it looks much more realistic. An animated scene starts with one picture, which is referred to a frame. 3D computer graphics are graphics that use a three-dimensional representation of geometric data that is stored in the computer for the purposes of performing calculations and rendering 2D images.

4. 2D Animation

5. 2D Animation examples

6. Types of 2D Animation Traditional Digital Animation

7. Traditional Animation Traditional Animation (or classical animation, cell animation or hand-drawn animation) is an animation technique where each frame is drawn by hand. The technique was the dominant form of animation in cinema until the advent of computer animation

8. Digital Animation 2D animation involves using computer software to one degree or another, from just digitally Coloring the cells to be photographed in the traditional method, to doing every single element in the computer. “Digital animation, at least in the case of the Japanese animation industry (my films included), is a direct successor of hand-drawn animation. https://quizanjacy.wordpress.com/2015/09/13/types-of-model-sheets/ https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/cleanuppptx/255351868 https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/animation-ncll/76689397#4

9. 3D Animation 3D animation is a type of animation that uses computer generated images to create animated scenes. Compared to 2D animation, or traditional animation, 3D has much more depth, and it looks much more realistic. An animated scene starts with one picture, which is referred to a frame.

10. Animation Techniques There are four basic techniques used in animation: These are: Drawn animation Cut-out animation Model animation or stop motion animation Computer animation or computer generated imagery (CGI)

11. Drawn Animation This covers any form where one drawing is replaced by another in a sequence. Each drawing is slightly different from one before. It works the way the flipbook does. These animated films are made up of thousands of drawings which are shown on screen very quickly one after the other. It takes a very long time to film from start to finish and requires many animators to complete the work.

12. Cut-out animation This covers any form of animation where cut-out shapes are moved around or replaced by other cut-outs. Flat objects like buttons, matchsticks and string can also be used in this form of animation. Cut-outs can also be laid on top of drawings. It is very quick and easy to do but difficult to have more than one or two objects moving at the same time. Cut-out animation can appear very stiff and awkward.

13. Stop-motion animation This involves the filming of three-dimensional models. The materials used could include plasticine, clay or wire – in fact anything that can be bent or formed into another shape. The puppets are positioned and filmed before being moved ever so slightly and filmed again. These shots are put together as a piece of film and will give the impression of the models moving.

14. 2D Computer animation or 3D Computer Generated Imagery (CGI) This refers to the drawing of three-dimensional models and sets on the computer. Images can be scanned into the computer using digital photography or made within the computer itself. Human characters can be built from clay whilst sets and furnishings are modelled using design systems similar to architects drawings. These models are scanned into the computer as wire-frame models, which are gradually built up into a coloured and textured form. Computers have become cheaper and easier to use than traditional animation. The computer animated film Toy Story cost $30 million(1,383,315,000.00ph) to make and used 110 animators. The Lion King using drawn animation cost $45 million (2,074,972,500.00 ph ) to make and used 800 animators.

15. Basic equipment for hand-drawn animation Animation desk with animation disc, or a lightbox with peg bar. (get the disc if you can, it’s better.) Extra ACME peg bar for scanning or video testing your drawings. Get a thin, metal tape-down peg bar if possible because those are the most versatile. Lightfoot Animation or Cartoon colour co. has them. ACME punched animation paper. Lightfoot Animation, Chromacolour , or Cartoon Colour Co. can supply. (see links in sidebar). Ingram Bond animation paper from Lightfoot or Cartoon Colour is recommended. Chromacolour Prograde Plus 23 lb paper is also recommended. These brands of paper are more expensive, but you'll notice the difference between this and the cheap photocopier-grade paper. Ingram Bond or Chromacolour Prograde erases better, lasts longer, holds up to repeated flipping, the surface is better for drawing, it scans better.

16. Basic equipment for hand-drawn animation 4. Pencils, various. Col-Erase red and blue. Various brands of graphite pencils, HB, B, 2B. 5. Erasers: Soft kneaded eraser (grey), and ‘Magic eraser’ (white). 6. Bulldog clip 7. Computer set 8. Color Pencil 9. Ruler 10. A Scanner for scanning your drawing into TVP Animation or Digicel Flipbook

17. Basic equipment for hand-drawn animation 11. A Digital video camera mounted on a down-shooter (tripod or ideally a copy stand) to capture your drawings via video feed. 12. Line tester 13. Animation frame capture software. Two are particularly recommended: TVP Animation or Digicel Flipbook Studio. Also good for pencil testing are: Toki Line Test, MonkeyJam (freeware, but for Windows PC only). 14. Exposure sheets (printable x-sheet templates)

18. Model Sheet also known as a character board, character sheet, character study or simply a study, is a document used to help standardize the appearance, poses, and gestures of an animated character. Model sheets are also used for references in 3D modelling

19. Layouts are drawn from storyboards which define the action and perspective in the scene. Layout drawings are then given to the background painters to color and complete the visual style. Depending upon the production, background layout artists also do background design. This is standard in television animation, which is my field, and the position is often titled background designer.

20. Storyboard is a graphic organizer in the form of illustrations or images displayed in sequence for the purpose of pre-visualizing a motion picture, animation, motion graphic or interactive media sequence.

21. Writing a treatment/ Script Filmmakers write 'treatments' to pitch their ideas to film producers or financers. The aim is to get approval or funding to proceed with writing the screenplay. The screenplay The screenplay brings initial ideas to life by capturing what the director wants the audience to see and hear. The shooting script The shooting script complements the screenplay by communicating visual ideas for each scene. The shooting script communicates to the production crew where and when to use selected camera shots, movements and angles for each scene.

22. Animation artist Animator is an artist who creates multiple images, known as frames, which give an illusion of movement called animation when displayed in rapid sequence. Animators can work in a variety of fields including film, television, and video games. The methods of creating the images or frames for an animation piece depends on the animators' artistic styles and their field.

23. Animation artist Inbetweeners produce the drawings between previously completed key poses, in order to complete the illusion of movement and action. They are responsible for producing neat and accurate inbetween drawings, as directed by the Assistant Animator, Animator or Animation Director.

24. Animation artist Clean-up is a part of the workflow in the production of hand-drawn animation, in which "clean" versions of the "rough" animation drawings are produced. The first drawings are called "roughs" or "rough animation" because they are often done in a very loose fashion. Clean-ups generally are done on a new sheet of paper. They can be done on the same sheet as the rough animation if this was done with a "non-copy blue" pencil.

25. Animation artist Layout artist (2D Animation) Layout Artists stage every shot and camera setup, and the staging they produce defines the action that will take place within each scene. They are likely to draw both the background and character elements within a shot. They also plot the camera moves and give clear technical instructions.

26. Animation artist Layout Artist (3D Animation) Layout Artists break down 2D storyboards into 3D shots. They use production designs and models as reference to build locations and major props, to block in the position of characters, to select camera angles and to plot camera moves. They are responsible for staging every shot and plotting the action that will take place within each scene. The role of Layout Artist exists within some areas of CGI and not in others. In animated features, the layout department plays an important and creative role which can be related to that of the Cinematographer's team in live action filmmaking.