3.2 Antacids.pptx

For First Year Diploma in Pharmacy
ER 2021-2022

1. Gastrointestinal Agents By: Dr. Kiran B. Dhamak

2. Definition : Gastrointestinal agents are the drug which are used to treat gastro-intestinal disorders or diseases. Some of the gastrointestinal agents are 1. Acidifying agent 2. Antacid 3. Protectives and adsorbents 4. Saline cathartics .

3. Acidifying agent : The drugs which are used to increase the acidity are known as acidifying agent. e .g. Dil. HCL Achlorhydria : It is the condition in which there is no secretion of hydrochloric acid in gastric secretion. The symptoms of achlorhydria includes mild diarrhea , abdominal pain, sensitivity to the spicy food and loss of appetite. In order to counteract the effects of achlorhydria dilute hydrochloric acid to used . Antacid:- These are the drugs or preparations which are used to neutralize excess secretion of gastric hydrochloric acid . e .g. Aluminium Hydroxide Gel Hyperchlorhydria :- It is the condition in which there is hyper or more secretion of hydrochloric acid which is known as hyperchlorhydria .

4. Protectives and Adsorbent:- These are the chemical agents used internally in the treatment of disturbance of gastrointestinal tract. e .g. Bismuth Subcarbonate The disturbances in normal functioning of GI track frequently results in dysentery and diarrhoea. S aline C athartics:- These are the agents which promotes defecation that is the agent which facilitate the passage through elimination of faeces from intestinal tract especially through colon and rectum. e.g. Magnesium Sulphate Cathartics generally acts by four different mechanism which are as follows . 1. Stimulant:- T he drugs are chemicals at by local irritation on intestinal tract and bring stimulation of peristaltic activity. Since they act directly on intestine and stimulate peristalsis they are called as stimulants. e.g. rhubarb, cascara, podophyllum, castor oil, senna etc.

5. 2.Bulk purgatives :- T hese are the agents which increases bulk of intestinal contents. These are cellulose or non digestable type of materials which swell considerable when wet and due to increased bulk stimulate peristalsis. e.g. methyl cellulose, sodium CMC , gum, isapgol 3.Lubricants :- In constipation contents of intestine become hard due to absorption of water by body. this results difficulty in clearing of bowels. Substances like liquid paraffin, glycerine, Mineral oils etc. acts as lubricants and bring smooth clearance of the faecal material. 4.Saline cathartics :- The saline cathartics by increasing the osmotic load of intestine by absorbing large quantity of water and thus stimulate peristalsis . e.g. Magnesium Sulphate

6. Aluminium Hydroxide gel Pharmaceutical Formulations/Preparations/Dosage forms 1. Aluminium Hydroxide gel Market Preparations/ Brand Names Lecain -LA Milcid Neutral Gel Storage Conditions S tored in airtight containers at a temperature not exceeding 30 °C Uses:- 1.It is slow acting antacid. 2.It gives relief in in gastric and duodenal ulcer. 3. It is also used the treatment of hyperchlorhydria. 4. It is also used as an astringent.

7. Magnesium Hydroxide Pharmaceutical Formulations/Preparations/Dosage forms 1. Magnesium Hydroxide gel 2. Magnesium Hydroxide Oral Suspension Market Preparations/ Brand Names Lecain -LA Helico -PH Almistel Gelovib Diarecid Storage Conditions Stored in well closed container. Uses :- 1.It is slow acting antacid. 2.It gives relief in gastric and duodenal ulcer. 3. It is also used the treatment of hyperchlorhydria. 4. It is also used as an astringent.

8. Magaldrate Pharmaceutical Formulations/Preparations/Dosage forms 1. Magaldrate oral Suspension 2. Magaldrate Gel Market Preparations/ Brand Names Ron Acid Riopan Lowsium Maoson Losospan Storage Conditions Stored in well closed container at room temperature (15 to 30°C ). Uses :- 1.It is used as an antacid . 2.It gives relief from heartburn, gastric and duodenal ulcer. 3. It is also used the treatment of hyperchlorhydria .

9. Sodium Bicarbonate- NaHCO 3 Pharmaceutical Formulations/Preparations/Dosage forms 1. Sodium Bicarbonate Tablet 2 . Sodium Bicarbonate ear drop 3. Sodium Bicarbonate Injection 4. Sodium Bicarbonate Oral Solution 5. Sodium Bicarbonate Oral Suspension Market Preparations/ Brand Names 1. Sobisis Forte 2. Citrosoda 3. Nabico 4. Nocidos 5.Sodanet Storage Conditions Stored in airtight container . Uses:- 1.It is used as an antacid . 2. It is used in the treatment of vomiting in children. 3. It is also taken as an expectorant. 4. Its 5% solution is used as an ear drop to remove wax. 5. Its 1-2% solution is used as rinsing solution for contact lenses.

10. Calcium Carbonate – CaCO 3 Pharmaceutical Formulations/Preparations/Dosage forms 1 . Calcium Carbonate Tablet 2. Calcium Carbonate Capsule 3. Calcium Carbonate Oral Suspension Market Preparations/ Brand Names Acecal Actical -Z Admax Albonate Storage Conditions Stored in well closed airtight container. Uses:- 1.It is used as an antacid . 2. It gives relief in gastric and duodenal ulcer . 3. It is used in the treatment of diarrhoea. 4. It is used as a polishing agent in tooth powders.