АНТИСЕПТИКА 3-3.ppt all about antiseptic

You should know about antiseptic

2. Antiseptic is a complex
activities aimed at combating infection
in the wound

3. NI Pirogov used for decontamination of wounds during their
treatment tincture of iodine, a solution of silver nitrate

4. Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-1894)

5. Ignaz Semmelweiss proposed to treat
hands with chlorine lime before
internal research

6. Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)

7. Joseph Lister (1829-1912)

8. Types of antiseptics
mechanical,
physical,
Biological,
Сhemical
In addition, the antiseptic is isolated
mixed, when several kinds of antiseptic are
used during the treatment (mechanical +
chemical, chemical + biological)

9. Mechanicalantisepticisthedestructionof
microorganismsbymechanicalmethodsandisoneofthe
mostimportantcomponentsofpreventionandtreatmentof
woundinfection.Mechanicalantisepticismainly
representedbymechanicalremovalofinfectedandnon-
viabletissues.
Thetypesofmechanicalantisepticsare:
1.thewoundofthewound
2.Primarysurgicaltreatmentofwounds
3.secondarysurgicaltreatmentofwounds

10. Toilet wound:
a) removal of purulent exudate
b) removal of clots
c) cleansing the wound surface and skin

11. Primary surgical treatment of wounds
a) dissection
b) audit
c) excision of the edges of the wound, walls and bottom of the wound,
removal
hematomas, foreign bodies
d) restoration of damaged tissues
e) suturing
The surgical treatment performed in the first day after the injury is
usually called early, 24-48 hours after the injury -delayed, and after 48
hours -late.
Contraindications for primary surgical treatment of wounds:
1. Shock
2. The presence of direct signs of inflammation

12. Secondary surgical treatment:
a) excision of nonviable tissues
b) removal of foreign bodies and hematomas
c) opening pockets and slugs
d) drainage of the wound

13. Other operations and manipulations:
a) dissection of abscesses
b) opening pockets and slugs
c) puncture of ulcers

14. Physicalantisepticsisalsooneofthemostimportant
methodsofpreventionandtreatmentofwoundinfectionthrough
theuseofvariousphysicalfactorsthatcausethedeathof
microorganismsoradecreaseintheirnumber,aswellasthe
destructionoreliminationoftoxins,producedbymicrobialcells

15. Physical antiseptics are
Hygroscopic gauze
Hypertensive solutions
The action of light, heat, ultrasound, ultraviolet, laser, etc.
Sorbents
Drainage of wounds and cavities

16. Drainage is a method of removing the contents (pus, exudate)
from the wound, the body cavity, the hollow organ with the help of
tubes, rubber and gauze bands, gauze tampons. When draining
conditions are created for constant outflow of content.
KINDS OF DRAINING
Passive
Active

17. There are three mechanisms of action of drains
The first is the outflow of severable gravity if drainage is
removed from the lowest point of the purulent cavity at the
appropriate position of the patient's body in bed

18. Thesecondmechanismisdesignedforcapillary
suctionpropertiesofdrainage.Thiskindof
drainageinthetreatmentofapurulentwoundis
practicallyimpossiblewithahighdegreeof
viscosityofpurulentexudate.Suchdrainageis
definedaspassive,becauseitisdesignedfora
passiveoutflowofpusfromthewound.

19. Thethirdmechanismofactionis
activedrainageofapurulentwound.

20. Flow drainage scheme

21. Vacuum drainage by Redon

22. Electropump

23. Water jet extraction
Pneumothorax device

24. Chemical antiseptics
local and general
surface and deep

25. Disinfectantsareusedforthetreatmentoffloors,
tools,wallsanditemsofcare.
Antisepticagentsareappliedexternallyforthe
treatmentoftheskin,thehandsofthesurgeon,and
thewashingofwounds.
Chemotherapeuticagentsareadministeredinside
andexertaresorptiveeffectinthepatient'sbody,
suppressingthegrowthofbacteriainvarious
inflammatoryfoci.

26. Classification of antibacterial drugs
1.HALOIDS(iodine,chlorine-containingpreparations)
Themechanismofactionisadisturbanceofoxidation-
reductionreactions
Iodine-1-5-10%alcoholictincture.
Iodonateandiodopyronareorganiccompoundsofiodine.
Use1%solutionforexternaluse,handtreatment.
Lugol'ssolution-containsiodineandpotassiumiodide,
waterandalcoholsolutionsareappliedforexternaluse.
ChloramineB-1-3%aqueoussolutionfordisinfectionof
careitems,sanitationofpurulentwounds,rooms.
Chlorhexedinbigluconate(gibitan)-astrongbactericidal
effect.Forthetreatmentofhands,theoperatingfield,for
sterilization.Apply0.5%aqueous-alcoholicsolution

27. 2.Saltsofheavymetals
Thecompoundsofheavymetalsintheaqueousmediuminthepresenceof
organicsubstancesdissociatetoformcations.Thesecationsinteractwith
negativelychargedgroupsofproteinmolecules(carboxyl,hydroxyl,
sulfhydrylgroups)toformcomplexcompoundscalledalbumins.The
proteinslosetheirnativestructureandfunctionalactivity,whichleadstothe
deathofmicroorganisms.
Sulema-concentration1:1000forthedisinfectionofgloves.Verytoxic.
Silvernitrate-0.1-2%solutionforthetreatmentofmucousmembranes,5-
20%solutionforcauterizationofgranulations.
Protargol,collargolisanantisepticforexternaluse,washingthebladder.
Mercuryoxycyanide-fordisinfectionandsterilizationofopticalinstruments
Coppersulphate(coppersulfate)-hasantisepticandastringentaction

28. 3.Аlcohols
Mechanismofaction:Antimicrobialactionis
associatedwithirreversibledenaturationoftheprotein
ofthemicrobialcell(70-96°).Thismechanism
explainsthepresenceofastringenteffectontheskin
andmucousmembranes.
Ethylalcohol-usedasadisinfectantand
antisepticforthetreatmentofhands,instruments,skin,
wounds.70%alcoholhasbactericidalaction,96%-
bacteriostatic.

29. 4.ALDEHYDES
Mechanismofaction-Aldehydes-aclassoforganic
compoundsthatarerelativelyeasytooxidize,thusactingas
reducingagents,buttheycanalsobereducedtoalcohols.
Thesereactionsformthebasisofthepharmacologicalactionof
aldehydes.
Formalinisa37%formaldehydesolution.Strong
disinfectant.0.5%solution
Itisusedfordisinfectionoftools.
Lysol-astrongdisinfectant.2%solution
usedfordisinfectionoftools.
Lizoformisasoapsolutionofformaldehyde,
whichincludesformalin,potassiumsoap,
alcohol.Fordisinfectionanddeodorization

30. 5.Phenols
Mechanismofaction:Possessbothbactericidalandbacteriostatic
actiondependingonconcentration.
Inlowconcentrations,dehydrogenaseisblocked,whichdisrupts
metabolicprocessesincells,inhibitsdivision,growthanddevelopment
ofmicroorganisms.Phenolsalsoformcomplexcompoundswith
polysaccharidesofthecellwallofmicroorganisms,disruptingits
properties.
Carbolicacid(phenol)-2-3%solutionisastrongdisinfectant.
Phenol(carbolicacid)asadisinfectantisprohibitedforusedueto
toxicityandpersistentodor.
Triplesolution-contains20gofformalin,10g
carbolicacid,30gofcausticsodaand
water.Stronglydisinfectant.
Phenolderivatives:Resorcinol(diatomicphenol);fukortsin,ferezol,
tricresol,polycrezulen(vagotil);thymol.Phenolpreparationsarenow
widelyusedinpractice.

31. 6.Colorants
Themechanismofactionisadisturbanceofoxidation-
reductionreactionsdependingonthechemicalpropertiesofthe
preparation(predominanceofacidicorbasicproperties)
Brilliantgreenisanantisepticapplication.1-2%alcoholicor
aqueoussolutionsusedtotreatwounds,mucousmembranes.
Methyleneblue-1-2%solutionwithantisepticproperties
forexternaluse.
Etacridinelactate(rivanol)-forthetreatmentofwoundsand
cavities.ItispartoftheKonkovunguent
(ethacridine,Fishoil,honey,bee,water
distilled,youcanaddtarbirch)

32. The mechanism of action of acids and alkalis is a violation of redox reactions
of a microbial cell.
7. ACIDS
Boric acid -2-4% solution for washing and treatment of wounds,
Effective with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Salicylic acid -possesses keratolyticaction, is used in the form of crystals.
Benzoic acid, formic acid, etc.
8.CHANGES
Ammonia alcohol is an antisepticapplication. 0.5% solution is used for
Hand treatment.

33. 9.OXIDANTS
Mechanismofaction-strongoxidizingability
Hydrogenperoxideisanantisepticapplication.3%solutionforpurging
purulentwounds.Hashemostaticanddeodorizingproperties.6%solution
usedforcoldsterilizationsomemedicalsupplies(rubber,siliconedrains)
Potassiumpermanganate-2-5%solutionusedfortreatmentburnsand
bedsores,hasacoagulatingaction;0.02%woundwashingsolution
andmucous

34. 10.DETERGENTS
Mechanismofaction-Thesesubstancesacquireachargeduringdissociation,
whichallowsthemtointeractonhydrophilicmoleculesofthecellwallandthe
membraneofmicroorganisms-onproteinsandcarbohydrateresidues.
ChlorhexedinBigluconateisachlorine-containingsubstancewithdetergent
properties.0,5%alcoholsolutionusedforhandtreatment,0.1-0.2%aqueo
solutionforwashingwoundsandmucousmembranes.
Cerigel-forthetreatmentofhands(film-formingantiseptic).
Rokkal-forprocessinghands,woundsandsterilizingtools
Miramistinisanantisepticdrug.Thereisabactericide
Greensoap-forskintreatmentandsoappreparationalcoholandsoap-carbolic
solution,usedasdisinfectants.

35. 11.NITROFURANIDE DERIVATIVES
Mechanismofaction-beingoxygenacceptors,nitrofurans
disruptthecellularrespirationofbacteria,inhibitthebiosynthesis
ofnucleicacids.
Furacilin-asolutionof1:5000isthemajorintreatmentof
purulentwounds,forlavagemucousmembranesandcavities.
Lifuzol-containsfuratsilin,linetol,resins,acetone.Appliedfor
protectionpostoperativewoundsfromexogenousinfection.
Furazidine,nifuroxazide,furazolidone,nifuratel.

36. 12.8-OXYXINOLINEDERIVATIVES
Mechanismofaction-Antimicrobialactionisassociated
withtheformationofcomplexcompoundswithmetalions,
whichleadstothedisruptionofenzymesystemsof
microorganisms.
Nitroxoline(5-NOC)isachemotherapeuticmeans,
uroantiseptic.

37. 13.NITROIMIDEAZOLE DERIVATIVES
Themechanismofactionofnitroimidazolesisaprodrugand
undergoesmetabolicactivationinthebody:its(metronidazole)
nitrogroupreceiveselectronsfromtheelectrontransportsystem,
whichhasalownegativeredoxpotential;
Metronidazoleisachemotherapeuticagentofawidespectrum
ofaction.
Clion,Metrogil,Trichopol,Flagil,Efloran

38. 14.DEGTITISES,RESINS
Tarbirchisanantisepticexternalapplication.Itis
partoftheointmentVishnevsky.
Ichthyol-usedintheformofointments
15.FITONZIDES
Ektericid,baliz,chlorophyllipt–basicallyareused
asexternalantisepticsapplicationsforwashingwounds.

39. 16.SULFANILAMIDES
Mechanismofaction-Sulfonamidescausebacteriostasisas
aresultofaviolationofthesynthesisoffolicacid
Chemotherapeuticsubstances(phthalazole,ethazole,biseptol,
etc.)haveabacteriostaticeffect.

40. Biologicalantiseptics,unlikeothertypesofantiseptics,is
dividedintotwotypes:
 substancesofbiologicalorigindirectlyaffecting
microorganisms-biologicalantisepticsofdirectaction
methodsofdifferentorigin,affectingthepatient'sbody,
stimulatinghisabilitytodestroymicroorganisms-biological
antisepticmediatedaction.

41. Biological antiseptic of direct action

42. Modern principles of antibiotic therapy suggest
thecausativeagentshouldbesensitivetotheantibiotic
(appointmentonlyonanantibioticogram);
compliancewiththeprincipleofthemaximumspectrumofthe
drug;
atherapeuticconcentrationofthedrugshouldbecreatedinthefocus
ofinfectiousinflammation;
theprincipleofreasonablesufficiency;
combinationofantibioticsbactericidalandbacteriostaticactionis
unacceptable;
Itisnotpossibletoshareantibioticswithsimilarsideeffects;
choiceofthemostoptimalrouteofdrugadministration