3. Classification of nutraceuticals.pptx

Nutraceutical

1. 26-07-2022 Dr. Sandeep Singh Rana 1

2. Classification of Nutraceuticals Traditional nutraceuticals Chemical Constituents Probiotic Microorganisms Nutraceutical Enzymes Non-traditional nutraceuticals Fortified nutraceuticals Recombinant nutraceuticals 26-07-2022 Dr. Sandeep Singh Rana 2

3. Traditional nutraceuticals Traditional nutraceuticals are simply natural with no changes to the food. Food contains several natural components that deliver benefits beyond basic nutrition . Such as lycopene in tomatoes, omega-3 fatty acids in salmon or saponins in soy I. Chemical Constituents Nutrients : Substances such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids and fatty acids with established nutritional functions. Example: Most vegetables, wholegrain cereals, dairy products, fruits and animal products such as meat, and poultry, contain vitamins and are helpful in curing heart diseases, stroke, cataracts Herbals : Nutraceuticals holds a great promise to improve health and prevent chronic diseases with the help of herbals. Some examples are willow bark (Salix nigra), having active component as salicin , which is anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, astringent and antiarthritic 26-07-2022 Dr. Sandeep Singh Rana 3

4. c) Phytochemicals:  They are classified on the basis of chemical name given according to their phytochemical properties. For example, Carotenoids (Isoprenoids) found in various fruits, vegetables and egg yolk, are anticarcinogenic, boost natural killer immune cells and protect cornea against UV light. Legumes (chickpeas and soybeans), grains, palm oil contain non-carotenoids, which remove cholesterol and are anti-carcinogenic. Flavonoid polyphenolics are found in berries, fruits, vegetables, and legumes, which are potent antioxidants, phytoestrogens, prevent breast cancer, prostate cancer and control diabetes. II. Probiotic Microorganisms ‘Probiotics’ mean ‘for life’ and are defined as live microorganisms, which when consumed in adequate amounts, confer a health effect on the host They are friendly bacteria that promote healthy digestion and absorption of some nutrients. They act to crowd out pathogens, such as yeasts, other bacteria and viruses that may otherwise cause disease and develop a mutually advantageous symbiosis with the human gastrointestinal tract. 26-07-2022 Dr. Sandeep Singh Rana 4

5. They have an antimicrobial effect through modifying the microflora, preventing adhesion of pathogens to the intestinal epithelium, competing for nutrients necessary for pathogen survival, producing an antitoxin effect and reversing some of the consequences of infection on the intestinal epithelium, such as secretory changes and neutrophil migration. Probiotics can cure lactose intolerance by the production of the specific enzyme (ß-galactosidase) that can hydrolyze the offending lactose into its component sugars III. Nutraceutical Enzymes Enzymes are an essential part of life, without which our bodies would cease to function. Those people who are suffering from medical conditions such as hypoglycemia, blood sugar disorders, digestive problems and obesity, eliminate the symptoms by enzyme supplements to their diet. These enzymes are derived from microbial, plant and animal sources 26-07-2022 Dr. Sandeep Singh Rana 5

6. Non Traditional Nutraceuticals Non-traditional nutraceuticals are artificial foods prepared with the help of biotechnology. Food samples contain bioactive components which are engineered to produce products for human- wellness . a) Fortified nutraceuticals It constitutes fortified food from agricultural breeding or added nutrients and/or ingredients. e.g. orange juice fortified with calcium, cereals with added vitamins or minerals and flour with added folic acid. Some examples are milk fortified with cholecalciferol used in vitamin D deficiency Prebiotic and probiotic fortified milk with  Bifidobacterium lactis  HN019 used in diarrhea, respiratory infections and severe illnesses, in children 26-07-2022 Dr. Sandeep Singh Rana 6

7. b) Recombinant nutraceuticals Energy-providing foods, such as bread, alcohol, fermented starch, yogurt, cheese, vinegar, and others are produced with the help of biotechnology. The production of probiotics and the extraction of bioactive components by enzyme/fermentation technologies as well as genetic engineering technology are achieved through biotechnology 26-07-2022 Dr. Sandeep Singh Rana 7

8. Functional Foods 26-07-2022 Dr. Sandeep Singh Rana 8 Functional food can be defined as any food that exerts health properties beyond the traditional nutrients it contains. If the functional food helps in the prevention of a disease or its treatment it can be called ‘nutraceutical’. Types of Functional foods Foods that naturally contain biologically active, non-nutrient compounds known as phytochemicals that provide health benefits. All plant foods are rich in phytochemicals. Food products specifically formulated to have higher amounts of nutrients or phytochemicals than would naturally occur in that food. These are also called “designer foods.”

9. Example: Cereals and bread with added isoflavones. Fruit juices with herbs that have alleged immune-enhancing properties, such as Echinacea. Margarine with added phytosterols, which help to reduce cholesterol. Advantages and Disadvantages of Functional Foods Some functional foods make it easier to meet requirements for nutrients that are often deficient in the diets. The addition of calcium to orange juice and the B-vitamin folate to enriched flour are examples. Some functional foods make it possible to achieve higher intakes of nutrients or phytochemicals than would be realistic with natural food sources of these compounds. Moderate amounts of manufactured functional foods can provide some benefits to the diet and may help to reduce disease risk. However, they don’t offer any benefits over well-planned diets based on whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Eating foods that are naturally rich in a wide array of phytochemicals makes good nutrition sense, though. The best approach to dietary planning is to use functional foods in moderation in addition to a healthful diet. 26-07-2022 Dr. Sandeep Singh Rana 9

10. Dietary supplements Dietary supplements are also called food supplements or nutritional supplements. They are designed to provide nutrients that are missing in our daily diet. In different countries, dietary supplements are classified differently. In some countries, they are categorized under foods whilst in some as drugs. What are the examples of Dietary supplements? Dietary supplements also include non-medicinal herbal supplements and hormones like pregnenolone and melatonin. Generally, a dietary supplement contains ingredients like vitamins, minerals, amino acids, herbs, concentrate, metabolite, extract, or combinations. Dietary supplements are also used to increase the performance of athletes and sports players. Food supplements are the best way to get our daily dose of vitamins and minerals especially in children. Vegetarian diet often lacks vitamin B12, hence Vitamin B12 supplement is useful for the vegetarians 26-07-2022 Dr. Sandeep Singh Rana 10

11. Medical foods as nutritional supplements Medical foods are foods that are specially formulated and intended for the dietary management of a disease that has distinctive nutritional needs that cannot be met by normal diet alone. They were defined in the Food and Drug Administration's 1988 Orphan Drug Act Amendments and are subject to the general food and safety labelling requirements of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act. Medical foods can be classified into the following categories: Nutritionally complete formulas; Nutritionally incomplete formulas; Formulas for metabolic disorders; Oral rehydration products. 26-07-2022 Dr. Sandeep Singh Rana 11