3 d printing and its applications

3D Printing New Technology

1. 3D Printing Technology and its Applications By Prof. A.J.More Department of Engineering Sciences

2. What is 3D printing? 3D + PRINTING = 3D PRINTING The technology used for printing physical 3d objects from digital out is called 3d printing. “ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING” Technologies buil d 3 D that objects by adding layer-upon- l a y e r o f ma t er i al, wh e t h e r the plast i c, m e t a l, a n y comp o si t e material is co n cre t e or materials. A person creates a 3D image of an item using a computer-aided design (CAD) software program. The CAD information is sent to the printer. The printer forms the item by depositing the material in layers—starting from the bottom layer—onto a platform + a visualization tool in design + a means to create highly customized products for consumers and professionals + as industrial tooling + to produce small lots of production parts Slide No - 2 Diverse Needs - Prof.A.J.More

3. History - Timeline 1984 – 1987 Charles Hull invents 3D printing and coins the term “Stereo Lithography” 1992 3D systems produce the first SLA 3D Printer machine 1999 Scientists manage to grow organs from patient’s cells 2000 The first 3D inkjet printer produced by Object Geometries. 2002 A 3D printed miniature kidney is manufactured. Scientists aim to produce full-sized, working organs. 2008 The first 3D prosthetic leg is produced. 2011 The first 3D printed car (Urbee by Kor Ecologic). Projected Growth Slide No - 3 2012 The first 3D printed jaw is produced in Holland by LayerWise. Prof.A.J.More

4. W o rking No Y es Manufacturing a model with the 3D printer Layer by layer Slide No - 4 Whole manufacturing process Prof.A.J.More

5. Types of 3D printing There are three types of Printer. Stereo lithography (SLA) Selective laser sintering (SLS) 3. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) Selective laser sintering (SLS) Slide No - 5 Stereo lithography (SL) Fused deposition modeling (FDM) Prof.A.J.More

6. 1. Stereo lithography Stereo lithography was the first type of 3D Printing created. This type of 3D Printing consists of a vertically movable vat and a horizontally movable UV light. Instead of ink, the vat is filled with a type of resin ( photopolymer ) that becomes hard when exposed to UV light. Because photopolymers are photosensitive under UV light, the resin is solidified and forms a single layer of the desired 3D object. This process is repeated for each layer of the design until the 3D object is complete. Advantages - is its speed; functional parts can be manufactured within a day. Disadvantages - it is often costly; common photopolymers can cost about $800 per gallon and SLA machines can cost $250,000. Slide No - 6 Prof.A.J.More

7. 2. Selective laser sintering (SLS) In powder-bed SLS, a layer of powdered material is carefully laid down by a leveler or roller on the build tray. Layer thickness varies based on laser strength, material, or tolerance desired. Is an additive manufacturing technique that uses a high power laser (for example, a carbon dioxide laser) to fuse small particles of plastic, metal (direct metal laser sintering), ceramic or glass powders into a mass that has a desired 3-dimensional shape). Slide No - 7 SLA liquid photopolymers cost $80 to $100 or more per liter. SLS powders costs between $300 and $600 per kilogram, and can be difficult to even purchase. Prof.A.J.More

8. 3. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) Fused Deposition Modeling is process that uses a continuous filament of a thermoplastic material. In this type of 3D Printing, instead of a vat, there is a flat surface to build the 3D Model on, Instead of a UV light, there is an extruder , a nozzle that melts a string of plastic that comes in one end and forces a small stream of plastic out the other end. Slide No - 8 Prof.A.J.More

9. 3D Pr i n t ing Medical F o o d Games & E n t e r t a in ment P r oduct design Defense & Space Fashion & Retail Applications 1. Design Prototypes: o 3-Dimensional Printing concept model, functional prototypes and presentation models for evaluating and refining design, and packaging. Slide No - 9 2. Education: o Engage students by bringing digital concepts into the real world, turning their ideas into real-life 3D color models that they can actually hold in their hands. 3. Healthcare: o Rapidly produce 3D models to reduce operating time, enhance patient and, and improve patient outcomes. 4. Architecture: o Rapidly produce 3D models, concept models, produces smooth, detailed architectural models in an array of materials, including rigid photopolymers. Prof.A.J.More

10. Applications in Architecture Architects Michael Hansmeyer and Benjamin Dillenburger printed these columns. Architectural models Benches, furniture Scu l p t ures Lamps for lighting Prof.A.J.More

11. Other Applications In food preparation, to apply items in liquid or paste form such as cheese, icing, and chocolate. Medical industry - Physicians can use 3D printing to make hearing aids, artificial teeth, and bone grafts. 3D printed Jaw This 3D-printed cast to help repair broken bones may be the future of medical orthopedic casts. 3D- printed casts also bring out the positive potential of this emerging technology. Prof.A.J.More

12. Other Applications Richard Van As, a South African carpenter, assembles a Robohand and fits it to Liam Dippenaar. Liam was born without fingers on his right hand. Makerbot provided them with the 3D printing technology that they used to print the parts for the Robot hand. Microsoft will provide support for 3D printers in the next update of its Windows 8 operating system. The firm has struck deals with a number of major 3D printer makers including Makerbot, 3D Systems, Formlabs, Dassault and Stratasys. WikiHouse is an open source construction set by a small, but growing, community of people all around the world. There is no fixed design “team” or “studio,” but a steadily growing community of designers. Automotive and aviation industries Urbee the first prototype car 2011 was presented. This is the first car ever to have its body printed out on a 3D printer. . Prof.A.J.More

13. A d v antages RAPID PROTOTYPING : 3D printing gives designers the ability to quickly turn concepts into 3D models or prototypes (a.k.a., rapid prototyping ). Clean process . Wastage of material is negligible. Complex shape can be produced . EASY TO USE No skilled person needed. REDUCE DESIGN COMPLEXITY CHEAP Cheaper process than any other process. People in remote locations can fabricate objects that would otherwise be inaccessible to them. Disadvantages Process is slow Components do not have enough strength. COST OF RAW MATERIALS 3-D printers are still expensive. Misuse of technology Although 3-D printers have the potential of creating many jobs and opportunities, they might also put certain jobs at risk . Material limitation. Prof.A.J.More

14. With today's 3D printers, if you print anything you want and use. With tomorrow's, if you lose your remote, you'll be able to print a new remote. 3D printers are always getting cheaper and better. There is currently research going on to create 3D printers that could print out organs for people in need of a transplant. Within a decade, 3D printers will become commonplace in houses. The benefits of such technology are endless. F u t u re Conclusion 3D printing is an expanding technology which may soon start an industry in which everyone has the possibility of being a manufacturer. 3D printing has a lot of possible benefits to society, although the products created must be regulated. 3D printing has only been used on small scale projects in the construction industry and there are a lot of challenges that need to be dealt with prior to considering adopting it as one of the main construction technologies. Nothing communicates ideas faster than a three- dimensional part or model. With a 3D printer you can bring CAD files and design ideas to life – right from your desktop. Test form, fit and function – and as many design variations as you like – with functional parts. Prof.A.J.More

15. References http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23781-windows-aims-to-open-up-3d-printing-to-the-masses.html. http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23785-printed-drones-to-hunt-down-drugrunning-boats.html. http://www.psfk.com/2013/07/3d-printed-fashion-show.html. http://www.stratasys.com/resources/case-studies http://www.wikihouse.cc/ http://on3dprinting.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/20120806-Infographic-How-3D-Printing-Works-Preview.jpg http://lunarscience.nasa.gov/articles/building-a-lunar-base-with-3d-printing/ http://www.3ders.org/articles/20130706-3d-printable-drone-it-yourself-kit-turns-any-object-into-an-uav.html http://creativemachines.cornell.edu/ornithopter http://www.3ders.org/articles/20130702-3d-printed-drones-to-monitor-illegal-operations-at-sea.html http://betabeat.com/2013/05/first-fully-3d-printed-gun-created/ Prof.A.J.More

16. Thank You