3. earthen roads 30 aug

Earthen Roads

1. General Terms used in Earthwork of Roads Borrow Pits Balancing Earthwork Lead & Lift Spoil Bank

2. Borrow Pits Small pits dug parallel to the road alignment on both sides of the road formation to draw extra earth required to fill in embankment.

3. Spoil Bank Extra earth excavated and to be dumped on the road sides in road in cutting. Dumped in regular shape for future use.

4. Balancing Earthwork While constructing road, it is desirable for a segment of road, that the quantity of earthwork in cutting and embankment should be nearly equal if the soil available is good for the use. If possible, keeping in mind the limiting values of gradients and curves, the alignment is so fixed to have the equal quantity of earthwork in cutting and banking. This is known as balancing earthwork.

5. Lead & Lift Lead: Horizontal distance travelled by the earth to be moved for banking or dumping. Lift : Vertical distance travelled by the earthwork after excavating.

6. Construction Procedure for Earthen Road Preparation of Sub-Grade: Arranging sub-grade in proper gradient & camber. The sub-grade is rolled & watered to have OMC & compacted to MDD . Over it, a layer of soil 10cm thick is sprayed, rolled, & finished to have required camber & gradient. 4-5 days curing. Opening to traffic. Watering for 10 days after opening to traffic.

7. Marking Road Levels & Boundaries Marking the centre line of alignment on ground with the help of theodolite. Marking carriageway, shoulder, berms, borrow pits & road boundaries. Putting pegs & clearing stakes in the sides & cleaning the area within the clearing stakes.

8. Construction Steps Clearing & Grubbing: It includes removing any unwanted material i.e. tree roots, grass, loose soil, Preparing the leveled surface Stripping off the top of soil to avoid the plant growth on the road. Excavation: if the existing material is not suitable for the road, other suitable material is dumped in the excavated portion. Embankment preparation

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