3. Factors Influencing Social Change.pptx

Factors

1. FACTORS INFLUENCING SOCIAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT

2. 1 . Natural Factors: ▶ A sto r m, earthquake, flo o d , drought, disease an d si m ila r natural events even t oday can disrup t the s o cial system. ▶ Natural calamities lik e flo o ds, earthquakes, draughts, famines and other natural disasters always force changes i n the socia l conditions and lif e of the affecte d people.

3. 2.Cultural Factors: ▶ The cu l tural factors als o pla y a ro l e i n b r i ng i ng about social change. Our social life depends up o n o ur b el i efs , i deas , v alues , custo m s, convent i ons, i nst i tut i ons a nd the l i k e . W h en the r e i s a change i n t h es e, i t i nfluences the soc i al l i fe. For example, let us (consider the system of marriage. ▶ The relat i ons betwe e n the paren ts an d c h i l d ren ha v e undergone a b i g ch a ng e . The n e w love an d need for work i ng coup l es has acte d j a s a source of b i g change i n fam i l y relat i ons and culture. Thus, socio-economic and cultural factors always act as big and formidable factors of social change.

4. 3.Science and Technology factors ▶ In contemporary times science and technology happens to be the most important factor of social change . New scientific inventions and technologies always greatly influence the social life. ▶ “The m o s t w o nderful an d u n i ver s al phen o men o n of modern life is not capitalism, but science and technology and capitalism is only it’s by product.” ▶ Technology brings about changes in the physical environment and the material culture of each soc i ety w h i ch i n turn g i ve s b i rth to so c i al chan g e.

5. 4 . Biologic a l Factors: ▶ B i o l og i cal factors als o aff e ct soc i al change. B i o l og i cal factors ar e those factors wh i ch dete rm i ne the st r ucture, sel e ct i on and he r ed i tary qual i t i es of gene r at i on s . ▶ The human element i s ev e r chang i ng. Each n e w ge n e r at i on i s d i ff e r e nt from p r e v i ous generation. ▶ I t i s d i ff e re n t i n f or m , i dea s an d i n many other way s from the one gone be f ore.

6. 5.Demographic Factors: ▶ The Demographic factors always influence the process and na t ure of Soc i al Ch a ng e . ▶ The population increase or decrease always brings social problems. When the birth-rate in a society exceeds death-rate, po p ula t i on beg i ns to r i se . ▶ A constantly rising population gives birth to poverty, une m ployment , d i se a s e an d s e v er a l o t her rel a t e d problem s . ▶ O n the oth e r hand, a low b i rth - rate means lead s to dec r ease in the size of the population. When population is low , there are fewer skilled hands available and the country cannot make full u s e of the na t ura l reso u rc e s. ▶ The social conditions deteriorate the size of families shrink and it affects the social relations.

7. 6. Socio-economic Factors: ▶ The econo m i c factors c o nst i tute a n i mp o rtant factor of social change. Marx said that the entire social st r ucture of a c o untry i s dete rm i n e d b y econom i c factors i . e the means of p rodu ct i on an d d i str i but i on of mater i al means of p rodu ct i on an d d i str i but i o n . W h en there are changes in the means of production i.e the material productive forces of society , it is always changes the social organization. ▶ The birth of the institutions of marriage and family took place under the influence of the means of production of material means of livelihood. With the birth of family wealt h an d p o s s es s i ons becam e i mp o rtant

8. 7. Geographical Factors of Social Change: ▶ The geographical conditions always affect the social system and act as factors of social change . The cultural life of the people depends upon the physical environment . Progress also depends upon the availability of natural resources, their exploitation ▶ The climate always affects the socio-economic activities of the people. For instance, there is little economic activity at both poles (North and South) due to intense and long spells of cold the speed of social change remains negligible. On the other hand, there is always an intense activity in temperate regions ( ne i ther too c o l d nor too w arm ) , an d c onseque n tly the sp e ed of so c i al c hanges i s qu i te fast.

9. Othe r f actors: ▶ Population changes: ▶ Isola t ion an d Contac t : ▶ Attitudes an d Value s :

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