309900824-Intercultural-Relations-ppt.ppt

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1. INTERCULTURAL
RELATIONS
CHAPTER 13

2. culture

3. It is a relatively new formal field of social science
studies
 It is learning how to see oneself and the world through
the eyes of another
It is closely related to anthropology and social
studies
It is a practical, multi-field discipline designed to
train its students to understand, communicate, and
accomplish specific goals outside their own
cultures.
What is
Inter cultural relations?

4. C
o
n
s
c
i
o
u
s
U
n
c
o
n
s
c
i
o
u
s
I
m
p
l
i
c
i
t
E
x
p
l
i
c
i
t
Languages
(verbal & non-verbal)
Explicit behaviours
Habits & traditions
(food, housing, clothing, health…)
Know-how
(communication codes, tools..)
Institutions
(collective organizations modes:
family, education
Norms
(Do’s & don'ts)
Values
Mental state & cognitive processes
(perception, learning, knowledge, memory…)
T
he iceberg of culture

5. Intercultural communication refers to the effective
communication between people/ workers/ clients of
different cultural background.
Technology has truly made the world a smaller place. All
cultures are now tied together by information.
Business is often the first link between countries.
We must learn how to deal with other cultures.
Two trends of Intercultural Communication
Globalization
Multicultural workforce
I
ntercultural Relationships in
S
hrinking World.

6. Arabic language is written from right to left and
almost all other languages are written from left to
right.
In America, people shake hands ,and even hug each
other. But in India we just join hands to say
namaskar.
Raising your hand up means stop in America or
England. In some Asian countries this gesture is used
when asking for permission to speak.
E
xamples for Cultural differences

7. Improving verbal and nonverbal communication
Better adaptation to a new environment;
Learning how to understand, reduce and overcome
stress;
Better understanding of one’s own culture and finding
one’s place in a society;
Reduced feeling of anxiety in contacts with members of
other cultures;
Learning about customs and habitual behaviours of
members of other cultures.
Personal growth through increased tolerance;
Developing a positive attitude towards otherness;
Willingness to accept differences
B
enefits of intercultural
communication

8. S
tereotypes…
French: logical,
Cartesian,
elitist,
authoritarian,
proud
Chinese: quiet,
hardworking,
enigmatic,
smiling, cruel
Germans: rigid,
methodical,
obsessed with order
& privacy,
unemotional, territorial
Americans: superficial,
‘Frontier Spirit’,
materialistic,
over-optimistic
Italians: loud,
macho,
impatient,
over-emotional,
talkative,
unorganized
British:
imperialistic,
‘Island
mentality’,
principled,
class-
conscious,
conservative

9. C
ultural

Diversity
Each person is representative of a mixture of “cultures
and experiences”…
Diversity-Diversity is the group of people who have
different characteristics.
These characteristics can differ in socioeconomic
backgrounds, countries, races, religions and
achievement levels.
Multiculturalism-It is the difference between
cultures.
Diversity Involves:
Recognizing our unique differences
Attracting people of all backgrounds

10. Ethnocentrism
Judging other groups by comparing to there own group
like culture, language, behaviour.
Enculturation
Learning cultural values with in one’s society leads to
ethnocentric attitudes
Ethnocentric attitudes
It is the behaviour that the company follow to become
global. They prefer there own people.
Cultural relativity
Gives the conclusion that all cultures are equally valid.
Intercultural socialization
Becoming aware of another culture, habits,actions.
C
ultural ATTITUDES

11. AgeAge
GenderGender
EthnicityEthnicity
RaceRace
Physical AbilityPhysical Ability
Sexual Sexual
OrientationOrientation
Physical Physical
characteristicscharacteristics
IncomeIncome
Marital statusMarital status
EducationEducation
Religious Religious
BeliefsBeliefs
Geographic Geographic
LocationLocation
Parental StatusParental Status
Personality Personality
TypeType
 Primary dimensions
 Secondary dimensions
E
lements of Diversity

12. Secondary
Dimensions
of Diversity
Sexual
Orientation
Race
Gender
Physical
Qualities
Age
Ethnicity
Work
Background
Income
Geographic
Location
Parental
Status
Marital
Status
Education
Military
Experience
Religious Beliefs
Primary
Dimensions of
Diversity
E
lements of Diversity

13. Cultural Sensitivity
 is recognizing and knowing that both
cultural differences as well as similarities exist, and not
making value judgments of good or bad, better or worse,
right or wrong.
The recent growth of multinational corporations, points
the need to prepare the manager to deal with foreign
cultures and business practices
C
ultural Sensitivity

14. To increase cultural sensitivity one should not be arrogant, don’t be
ugly, don’t practise we are better than you attitude
In order to move forward, we need to understand how cultural
perceptions are formed and how they can develop to change the way
we think and behave to positively affect us all.
S
ubtle Differences
A gesture that is friendly in one culture may be interpreted as vicious
in another culture.

15. As communication always takes place within a frame of
reference, international business managers must make
sure they can communicate in one that is not their own.
T
he Political frame of reference
We often see a close relationship between politics and
business, as Stock market fluctuate with every major and
minor crisis in our political lives.
Another politically related problem facing the
multinational corporation has been the risk of
nationalization, the taking over private companies.

16. T
he economic frame of reference
Economic development in many emerging countries are
influenced by high birth rates and high inflation.
The living standards of developed countries and emerging
nations vary greatly.
T
he cultural frame of reference
Everyone naturally views the world based upon the culture in
which they were raised and also we must be aware that others
will view the world based on their cultural beliefs. Effective
human relations means overcoming our biases and helping
others to overcome theirs.
Language is the foremost barrier to good internal relations.

17. How to compare the cultures?
What makes a difference between different
cultures ?
C
omparative Management

18.  Kluckhohn-strodtbeck
Based on six cultural differences
•Relationship environment : Are people are
dominating of, in harmony with or dominated by the
environment.
•Time Orientation: Does the culture focus on the
past, present or future?
•Nature of people : Does the culture view people as
good evil or mix of two?
•Activity of orientation: Does the culture emphasize
being, doing or controlling?
•Focus of responsibility: Is the focus of culture is
individualistic, hierarchical or group oriented?
T
heories to analyze intercultural
relations

19. Concept of space
Does the culture conducts business in private, public
or mix of both?
HOFSTEDE MODEL
Greet Hofstede
How the workplace is effected by cultures.
Meaning of management is different around the world
Based of four dimensional assessments
Power distance
Degree of inequality of power distribution among
people in a national culture?
T
heories to analyze intercultural
relations

20. Individualism / CollectivismThe degree to which people
prefer to act as individuals or group in caring of themselves
Masculinity / Femininity
The degree to which values like assertiveness, success
& competition are associated with gender.
Uncertainty avoidance
Degree to which people prefer structure or
unstructured situations and feel threatened by
ambiguities.
Most recently fifth dimension is added
Long term and short term orientation
Degree to which values like assertiveness, performance,
success & competition are associated with gender.
T
heories to analyze intercultural
relations

21. C
hanging world communities
Japan
Once we recap with Theory Z
Americans believe in individualism where as Japanese
believe in the group effort.
Middle East
The Middle Eastern world is composed of countries that
are principally of the Moslem faith.
Europe
European nations formed European Union (EU) in 1992. EU
is a single market among members of the European nations

22. Asia
Asia is the biggest economic market. Emerging
economic power house of the 21st century.
North America
A good environment exists with Mexico in the form of
assembling industries. NAFTA made many positive
relations with all the countries. Canada remains as a
major trading partner.

23. H
IDDEN NORMS
Hidden norms means the way communication between the
people of different cultures.
Hidden norms play a significant role as the spoken languages
for establishing human relations.
Hidden norms or languages are:
Language of Time:
Language of time means the span of time period that we
assign to meet a person
•Elasticity of Time
Language of Space:
Language of space is the sensitivity with which we deal with
our clients of different cultures.
Language of Touch:
Touch is one of the way in which we communicate with each
other

24. and it differs from culture to culture.
•Inner Circle.
Language of Context:
This way of communication is based on non-verbal context
which involves chitchatting compared with formal manner.
Language of friendship:
Language of friendship defines that hospitality and friendship
are different from business.
Language of Agreement:
A set of rules are assigned to achieve a task or complete any
production, these rules are accepted on which agreements are
reached.
As it as mutual agreement it can build a good international
human relations as this communication means is flexible.
H
IDDEN NORMS

25. C
ulture Shock
It is feeling of uncertainty, confusion or anxiety a person
experiences when he moves to different place for business
due to the different culture, customs and behavior.
I
ntercultural training
Cultural training helps to reduce cultural differences and
makes more cultural sensitive.
Cultural awareness
Multicultural communication
Country-specific training
Executive development
Language courses
R
EPATRIATION
The process of returning a person to their place of origin or
citizenship economically, socially and organizationally

26. D
iscussion Questions?
What is Cultural difference ?
Can differences in culture draw people
closer ?
Does cultural values dominate or affect
the attitude of the individual?
Does cultural sensitivity plays major role
in the existence of the individual?
Does the change in the world
communities has effected the human
relations.

27. T
HANK YOU