365 new Lect No 3 Types & Systems of Farming.ppt 365 new Lect No 3 Types & Systems of Farming.ppt365 new Lect No 3 Types & Systems of Farming.ppt

365 new Lect No 3 Types & Systems of Farming.ppt

1. Classification of farming
Farmingmaybeclassifiedonthebasisofsimilarityin
a.Cropsandlivestockraising
b.Themodeofeconomicandsocialfunctioning
Onabovefactorsfarmingisclassified
i.Typesoffarming
ii.Systemsoffarming

2. Types and Systems of farming
Typeoffarming
Anareainwhichmanyfarmshavegeneral
similarityinsize,productssold&methods
followediscalledtypeoffarming
Systemoffarming
Itreferstothecombinationofproductsona
givenfarm&methodsusedinproductionof
product

3. Farming
Types
1.SpecializedFarming
2.Diversifiedfarming
3.MixedFarming
4.DryFarming
5.Ranching
6.MechanizedFarming
7.MarginalFarming
Types of farm business
Organizations
Systems/Institutional
1.Peasantfarming
2.Co-operativefarming
i.Co-operativebetterfarming
ii.Co-operativejointfarming
iii.Co-operativetenantfarming
iv.Co-operativecollectivefarming
3.CapitalisticFarming
4.Collectivefarming
5.StateFarming.

4. 1. Specialized Farming
Aspecializedfarmisoneonwhich50%or
moreincomeisderivedfromsinglesource.
Productionofonlyonecommodityformarket
Farmerdependsonsinglesourceofincome
ReasonsforSF:
1.Assuredincomefromenterprise
2.Itssuitabilitytoarea
3.Itsrelativeprofitability;paddy,sugarcane

5. 1. Specialized Farming
Advantages
1.Betteruseofland
2.Bettermarketing
3.Bettermanagement
4.Lessequipment&labour-needed
5.Costly&efficientmachinery-Kept
6.Efficiency&skill-increased

6. 1. Specialized Farming
Disadvantages
1.Greaterriskoffailureofcrop&market
2.Productiveresourcesnotfullyutilized
3.Fertilityofsoilcannotbemaintained
4.By-productsoffarmnotbefullyutilized
5.Farmreturnsnotdistributedthroughtyear
6.GeneralKnowledgeoffarmenterprisebecome
limited

7. 2. Diversified farming
•Itisalsoknownasgeneralfarming.
•Italsoincludesproductionandsaleof
sameproductatdifferenttimesduring
theyear
•Afarmonwhichnosingleproductor
sourceofincomeequalsasmuchas50%
oftotalreceiptsiscalleddiversifiedfarm.
•Farmerdependonseveralsourcesof
income

8. 2. Diversified farming
Advantages
1.Betteruseoffactorsofproduction
2.Businessriskisreduced
3.Properutilizationofby-products
4.Regular&quickreturnsobtainedfrom
variousenterprises

9. 2. Diversified farming
Disadvantages
1.Bettermarketingnotpossible
2.Effectivesupervisionnotpossible-variousjobs
3.Well-equipingoffarmisnotpossible-not
economicalforeachenterprise
4.Chancesofleaksoffarmbusinessremain
undetectedduetodiversityofoperations

10. 3. Mixed Farming
Itisacombinationofcropproductionwith
livestockenterprise.
Diversifiedagricultureinwhichfarmer
devotestolivestockproductionas
complementaryenterprise.
Atleast10%ofgrossincomemustbe
contributedbylivestock&upperlimitis49
%

11. 3. Mixed Farming
Advantages
1.Helpstomaintainsoilfertility
2.Milchcattleprovidesdroughtanimalsfor
cropproductionandruraltransport
2.Balancedlabourloadthr’outyear
3.Properutilizationofby-products
4.Providesforgreaterchancesofintensive
cultivation
5.Higherreturnsonfarmbusiness

12. 4. Dry Farming
Dependinguponamountofrainfallreceiveddry
farmingiscategorizedinto
Dryfarming:rainfall<750mm
Cropfailureismostcommon,moistureconservationisimportant
Drylandfarming:rainfall>750mmto1150
Cropfailurerelativelyless,moistureconservationisimportant
RainfedFarming:rainfallabove1150mm
Cropfailurerarely,drainageisimportantproblem,

13. 5. Ranching
Livestock grazes on natural vegetation &
multiply under natural surroundings.
Ranch land is not utilized for tilling or raising
crops
Ranches have no land of their own & make use
of public grazing land
It is followed in Australia, Tibet and certain
parts of India

14. 6.Mechanised farming
The mechanical operation farm is called as farm
mechanization.
It includes use of manual, bullock drawn and
tractor drawn implements, tubewell
Irrigation, harvesting threshing, spraying
operations ,
Post harvest operations includes processing,
cold storage

15. 7. Marginal farming
•Farm holdings are tiny with greater pressure of
population on land
•Resource structure is hopelessly poor
•Products are not marketed but consumed by
households
•Production factors are self employed
•Product price fluctuations have marginal effect on
production
•There is complementary relationship bet enterprises
without consideration of profit or loss

16. Factors determining types of farming
Physical factor & Economic factor
•Physical factor : Climate, soil, topography
•Economic factors:
1.Marketing cost
2.Change in relative values of farm products
3.Availability of labour and capital
4.Land values
5.Cycles of over and under production
6.Competition between enterprises
7.Personal likes and dislikes
8.Prevalence of pests and diseases

17. Systems of farming/
1.Peasantfarming
2.Co-operativefarming
i.Co-operativebetterfarming
ii.Co-operativejointfarming
iii.Co-operativetenantfarming
iv.Co-operativetenantfarming
3.CapitalisticFarming
4.Collectivefarming
5.StateFarming.

18. 2. Co-operative farming
Operationscarriedoutjointlyonvoluntarybasis,resources
pooledtogether,profitsaredistributedamongmembers
a.Co-operativeBetterfarming:
I-I,itpromotestheinterestoffarmerthroughadoptionof
betterfarmingpractices.Purchaseofseed,irrigation,
marketingofproduceFreetofallowanywayoffarming,
exceptinrespectofpurposeforwhichhejoinssociety.
b.Co-operativeJointfarming:I-C,Landispooledforjoint
cultivation,ownershipoflandisrecognizedbypaymentof
dividendinproportionofvalueofhisland.Members
worksonthelandunderthedirectionofamanaging
committeeandeachmemberreceivewagesforhisdaily
work

19. 2. Co-operative farming
Operationscarriedoutjointlyonvoluntarybasis,resources
pooledtogether,profitsaredistributedamongmembers
c.Co-operativeTenantfarming:
C-I,Thelandisheldbysociety.Landisthendividedinto
plotswhichareleasedoutforcultivationtoindividual
member.Thesocietyarrangesforagriculturerequirements
viz;credit,seedsetc.Eachmemberspaysrentforhisplots
andisatlibertytodisposeoffhisproduceisamannerashe
likes
d.Co-operativeCollectivefarming:C-C,themethodofworkisas
similartocooperativejointfarming,buttheshareof
individualmemberisnotrecognized.Theprofitsarepaidto
membersinproportiontotheworkandcapitalcontributed
byeachmember

20. 3. Capitalistic farming
Farmsarelargeandownedbycapitalist.
Thesefarmsenjoyplentifulresources
Efficientinusingthelatesttechnology
NotcommoninIndia
PopularinUSA,Canada,UK
Limitation:Actualcultivatorsarenot
ownerofthefarm

21. 4. Collective farming
Memberspooltheirresourcesviz.,landlivestock
andmachineryandundertakeworktogether
undermanagementcommitteeelectedbythem.
Themanagementcommitteeisresponsiblefor
overallfarmmanagement,allocationofworkand
distributionofincome
NotprevalentinIndia,RussiaandChinafollows
thistypeoffarming
Theproductionplanislaiddownbystateand
farmshavetoselltheirfixedportionofoutputto
thestate
Theincentivesarepaidtothefarmersforthe
improvementsofthefarm

22. 5. State farming
Thesefarmsowned,managedandrunby
theState.
Thefarmsareequippedbylatest
machineryandequipmentandemployed
scientificmethodsofcultivation
Theworkersonthesefarmsarewage
earners
InIndiaallstatefarmsaregovernedby
StateFarmCorporations
Variousactivitiesofresearchcanbe
facilitatedunderstatefarming

23. Haveagoodday