'Lab safety protocols for analytical labs

Related to Lab safety measurements

1. Fundamentals of Laboratory Safety Dr. Muhammad Shahid Associate Professor Department of Biochemistry, UAF.

2. Common Terms to be learn Safety: Strategy of Accident Prevention Loss Prevention: Prevention of accidents which result in injury to humans, damage to the environment, loss of production, damage to equipment, or loss of inventory. Hazard : An inherent physical or chemical characteristic of a material, system, process or plant that has the potential for causing harm. Chemicals provide additional hazards due to the toxic, flammable, explosive, and reactive hazards. Risk: F unction of probability and consequence. Risk Analysis: Quantitative estimate of risk Risk Assessment: Results of risk analysis are used to make decisions.

3. Conducting Safe Research

4. Categories of hazards Laboratory physical hazards Chemical Hazards Chemical health hazards Chemical physical hazards Chemical Environmental hazards Biological hazards Radiological hazards

5. Laboratory Physical Hazards Electrical Slip, trip and falls Ergonomic Sharps Compressed gases Heat hazards Centrifuges Noise (ultrasound)

6. Electrical Hazards Lay electrical cords where no one can trip on them or get caught in them. Be sure your hands and your lab area are dry before using electrical equipment. Never poke anything into electrical outlets. Unplug cords by pulling the plug and not the cord. Unplug all electrical equipment at the end of the lab period.

7. Slip and Falls Wet floor can cause slip or falls Awkward lifting Cautions Keep floor clean and dry, where wet process are unavoidable maintain suitable drainage. Avoid awkward position for lifting so that you can make clear walkway

8. Ergonomic- One Pakistani ……….. Injuries caused by repetitive motion of person Risk factors include Repetitive task like pipetting or using microscope Awkward posture Stress Exertion

9. Sharps Cut can occur while dealing with sharps including needles, razor blades, broken glassware Safe work practices Inspect glass for flaws, cracks or chips Wear appropriate gloves Deposit all cracked glassware in sharped edge containers

10. Compressed Gases Stored energy in form of pressure differential pose hazards Potential hazards Explosion Crushing with falling/rolling cylinder Flying objects of rupture cylinder Chemicals stored in cylinder can cause chemical hazards

11. Heat Hazards Autoclaves and sterilizers, heating baths, hot plates, burners etc. Heating devices and other electrical equipment should not be installed near water supply points Only the trained person should operate the instruments Let burners and hotplates cool own before touching them. Use tongs and/or protective gloves to handle hot objects. The only type of glassware that may safely be heated is either Kimax or pyrex . Always point the top ends of test tubes that are being heated away from people. Heat glassware by placing it on a wire gauze platform on a ring stand. Do not hold it in your hand.

12. Centrifuge Damaged rotors or unbalance of centrifuge can cause injury. Moreover, cracked sample vials can be broken during centrifugation thus producing aerosol that might be dangerous. Safety rules Only trained person should operate the unit Use matched set of tubes Always properly capped the vials Make sure that rotor is properly fit on the drive shaft Never exceed the maximum rpm limit of the centrifuge

13. Noise Constant noise more 85 dBA can be harmful for hearing. Noise sources in the lab: Fume hoods Ultracentrifuges Vacuum pumps Ultrasonic baths Grinders Sonicators Try to decrease the continuous exposure

14. Quiz What is the potential Hazard does the respective picture depict Ergonomic Slip/fall Noise Answer = B

15. Quiz What is the potential Hazard does the respective picture depict Heat Sharps Compressed gas Answer = A

16. Chemical Hazards

17. Chemical Hazards G lobally H armonized S ystem (GHS) of Classification & Labeling of Chemicals A system for standardizing and harmonizing the classification and labeling of chemicals Defines health, physical and environmental hazards of chemicals Communicates hazard information, as well as protective measures, on labels and MaterialsSafety Data Sheets (SDS) Hazards Classes 16 classes of chemical physical hazards 10 classes of chemical health hazards 3 classes of chemical environmental hazards

18. GHS Chemical Physical Hazards Explosives Flammable Gases Flammable Aerosols Oxidizing Gases Gases Under Pressure Flammable Liquids Flammable Solids Self-Reactive Substances Pyrophoric Liquids Pyrophoric Solids Self-Heating Substances Substances which, in contact with water emit flammable gases Oxidizing Liquids Oxidizing Solids Organic Peroxides Corrosive to Metals

19. GHS Chemical Health Hazards Acute Toxicity Skin Corrosion/Irritation Serious Eye Damage/Eye Irritation Respiratory or Skin Sensitization Germ Cell Mutagenicity Carcinogenicity Reproductive Toxicology Target Organ Systemic Toxicity - Single Exposure Target Organ Systemic Toxicity - Repeated Exposure Aspiration Toxicity

20. GHS Chemical Environmental Hazards Hazardous to the Aquatic Environment Acute aquatic toxicity Chronic aquatic toxicity Bioaccumulation potential Rapid degradability

21. GHS Hazard Communication Once a chemical has been classified, the hazard(s) must be communicated to target audiences Labels and Safety Data Sheets are the main tools for chemical hazard communication

22. GHS Label Elements Product Identifier Signal Word (Danger, Warning) Hazard Statement (for each hazard class and category) Pictogram(s) Precautionary Statement (for each hazard class and category) Name, Address and Tele. # of chemical manufacturer

23. Signal Words " Danger" or "Warning" are used to emphasize hazards and indicate the relative level of severity of the hazard, assigned to a GHS hazard class and category. " Danger"  for the more severe hazards " Warning" for the less severe hazards.

24. Hazard Statements Hazard statements are standardized and assigned phrases that describe the hazard(s) as determined by hazard classification Hazard Statement Examples “ Causes eye irritation” “Toxic if inhaled” “Flammable aerosol” “May cause cancer” “May cause respiratory irritation” “Harmful to aquatic life” “Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated”

25. Symbols/Pictograms Convey health, physical and environmental hazard information, assigned to a GHS hazard class and category. The GHS symbols have been incorporated into pictograms for use on the GHS label Pictograms will have a black symbol on a white background with a red diamond frame

26. Symbols/Pictograms Health Hazard Carcinogen Mutagenicity Reproductive Toxicity Respiratory Sensitizer Target Organ Toxicity Aspiration Toxicity

27. Environment Aquatic toxicity Exclamation Mark Irritant (skin and eye) Skin Sensitizer Acute Toxicity Narcotic Effects Respiratory Tract Irritant Hazardous to Ozone Layer (Non-Mandatory)

28. Skull & Crossbones Acute toxicity (fatal or toxic) Gas Cylinder Gases Under Pressure

29. Corrosive Skin Corrosion/Burns Eye Damage Corrosive to Metals Exploding Bomb Explosives Self- Reactives Organic Peroxides

30. Flame Over Circle Oxidizers Flame Flammables Pyrophorics Self-Heating Emits Flammable Gas Self- Reactives Organic Peroxides

31. Physical Hazard Pictograms

32. Health Hazard Pictograms

33. Quiz Exploding Bomb Corrosive Oxidizer

34. Quiz Flammable Health Hazard Corrosive

35. Precautionary Statements Precautionary Statements are standardized explanations of the measures to be taken to minimize or prevent adverse effects Prevention Response Storage Disposal Examples Prevention “Wear protective gloves” Response “If inhaled remove person to fresh air” Storage “Store in well ventilated place” Disposal “Waste must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and local environmental control regulations”

36. Label Example

37. Label Example- EtBr ----262 MP

38. Label Example- Acrylamide

39. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) 1. Identification of the substance or mixture and of the supplier 2. Hazards identification 3. Composition/information on ingredients 4. First aid measures 5. Firefighting measures 6. Accidental release measures 7. Handling and storage 8. Exposure controls/personal protection

40. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) 9. Physical and chemical properties 10. Stability and reactivity 11. Toxicological information 12. Ecological information 13. Disposal considerations 14. Transport information 15. Regulatory information 16. Other information including information on preparation and revision of the SDS

41. Golden Rule of the Science Lab Follow ALL directions and safety precautions provided prior to each and every lab. Perform ONLY assigned experiments. Follow assigned procedure when provided. Don ’ t be afraid to ask questions!!!

42. Personal Protective Wear Goggles MUST always be worn while in the chemistry lab. Aprons MUST be worn while in the chemistry lab to protect from dangerous chemical spills . Gloves may be required during certain lab exercises.

43. Attire & Appearance Secure loose garments & roll up long sleeves. Do NOT wear dangling jewelry. Wear long pants. No shorts allowed. Wear closed toe & heel shoes. Pull back long hair.

44. Behavior Horseplay is prohibited in the chemistry lab. Do not, run, push, or play while in the chemistry lab. Students should stay in their assigned areas.

45. Food & Drink Absolutely NO food or drink is permitted in the chemistry lab; even gum and candy

46. Assigned Lab Station Your lab station should be free of clutter. Clean up and throw away all debris promptly . Backpacks should be left in the classroom or kept out of the lab stations. You are responsible for cleaning your work area prior to leaving lab. Keep aisles clear. NO sitting on lab counter tops.

47. Odors When smelling chemicals use a wafting motion. NEVER put your face near the mouth of a container. All experiments producing a potentially hazardous gas or odor MUST be conducted in a fume hood. Report any unusual or unexpected odors to your instructor at once.

48. Handling Glassware Protect your hands when handling glass. Do not heat broken or cracked glass. Clean up broken glass with a brush & dust pan. Be aware that “ hot ” glassware & “ cold ” glassware look identical. Dispose of glass in the appropriate glass disposal container.

49. Handling Chemicals Consider ALL chemicals in the chemistry lab to be dangerous. Read labels on reagent bottles carefully prior to using them. Take only what you need. NEVER return unused reagent to stock bottles. NEVER touch or taste substances used during chemistry lab .

50. Handling Acids and bases In the event of an acid or base spill, notify the teacher. Then, neutralize the acid spill with sodium bicarbonate (baking soda). Brush up the residual powder & finish cleaning by flushing the area with plenty of water. Clean up base spills by neutralizing them with acetic acid (vinegar). Finish by flushing the area with plenty of water.

51. Heating Substances Always heat substances under a fume hood. When heating a test tube, NEVER point the mouth of the test tube towards yourself or anyone else. Never leave a flame unattended.

52. Chemical Disposal Chemical waste should be disposed of as indicated by your teacher. Not all chemicals can be poured down the drain . Do not throw solid materials in the sinks . Keep me healthy Don ’ t pollute

53. Emergency Equipment Know the location of ALL emergency equipment such as the first aid kit, fire blanket, fire extinguisher, safety shower and eye wash, etc.

54. Know the locations and operating procedures of all safety equipment Safety shower

55. Fire and Fire Drills In case of a fire alarm , do the following: Close ALL containers. Turn off ALL gas valves. Unplug All electrical devices.

56. Foreign Matter In Eyes Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water using eye wash or safety shower. Keep eyes wide open while washing and wash for at least 20 minutes. Have your lab partner notify the teacher.

57. Goggles must be worn at all times during a lab;

58. No sandals (shoes should completely cover top of foot)

59. Report any accident or injury to the instructor immediately;

60. If a chemical splashes on your skin, immediately flush with running water and notify instructor

61. Clothing Fire Turn off all flames and gas jets. Wrap person in fire blanket. Do NOT use water because it may react with the burning substance and intensify fire. Do NOT use a fire extinguisher as it may suffocate the person.

62. Exiting the Lab Wash your hands thoroughly before leaving the lab. Clean up your work station making sure to dispose of all substances properly. Unplug all electrical devices and turn off all gas jets.

63. What Helps?

64. So Do It Right!