'Module 2-19th Century (Historical Backdrop)' with you.pptx

Rizal

1. Guess the Word Fast! 1. ipipnieishp 2. ioccenom 3. lzria 4. lcpiloiat 5. laongel 6. alosci 7. euzs laanc 8. rltuulca 9. szetimso 10. odilsurtas Philippines Economic Rizal Political Galleon Social Zeus Canal Cultural Mestizos Ilustrados

2. Guess the Word Fast! 11. mpdevnteole 12. piflinoi 13. ssuejit 14. nisphas 15. diinos Development Filipino Jesuits Spanish Indios

3. Module 2

4. By the end of the lesson, students shall be able to: compare and contrast the situation of the 19th century world and the Philippines . analyze how societal conditions led to the development of national consciousness; and identify the impact of the 19th century situation to the idealism of Jose Rizal. Learning Outcomes:

5. Me ? Have you ever wondered what makes you, you ?

6. Reminisce a part of your past where you think you have learned something and which is still beneficial to your present life. How do you think this experience in the past mold you into someone you are now?

7. Do you agree that…. ? “Man is partly the product of his time. His life and his message are affected by his environment and the event that take place in the world he lives in.”

8. Rizal was born in the 19th century, a time marked by significant changes in the world.

9. He grew up amidst the Philippines' struggle for independence and the shifting social, economic, and political landscape of the time.

10. These changes played a role in shaping his perspective on life.

11. To better understand how Rizal became who he was, let's look back at what was happening in the 19th century.

12. birth of modernity - the break from traditional ways of life The 19 th Century emergence of new ideas, attitudes, and institutions that marked the transition to a new era.

13. Can you cite significant world events during the 19 th century?

14. During this era, the industrial revolution was taking place. New modes of production, transportation and communication were introduced. Various political revolutions happened during the late 18th and 19th Century.

15. The 19th c entury encompasses a new way of thinking about the world ….. heavily influenced by Enlightenment, a philosophical movement that valued reason, rationality, and individualism the belief in progress and the ability to shape the world through scientific, technological, and social advancement challenged the power of the monarchy and paved the way for new forms of governance based on individual rights, nationalism, and freedom.

16. POLITICAL CONTEXT The French Revolution 1779-1789 > liberty, > equality, and > fraternity

17. The American Civil War (1861 – 1865)

18. Before The 19 th Century Democracy Monarchy

19. Before Feudalism Capitalism The 19 th Century

20. Before Reform- Minded Passively- Accepting The 19 th Century

21. Industrialization …..generally applied to the extraordinary transformation in the method of production, transportation and communication through the substitution of manual labor to machine . 21 ECONOMIC CONTEXT

22. Spain became a mercantilist superpower. But not forever ….

23. By the late 18th century, the Galleon system faced tough competition as other nations became self- sufficient and preferred direct trade.

24. By the late 18th century, the Galleon system faced tough competition as other nations became self- sufficient and preferred direct trade. Spain's trading system and the demand for Asian goods eventually declined.

25. Spain was heavily dependent on the silver mines of its colonies in South America, which slowly dwindled.

26. The value of silver also declined due to the increased production of silver in the Americas, reducing the profit margins of Galleon Trade merchants.

27. Spain's trading system and the demand for Asian goods eventually declined. By the late 18th century, the Galleon system faced tough competition as other nations became self- sufficient and preferred direct trade. Revolts, particularly in the War for Independence in Mexico, took place in the New World, thus shifting the focus and priority of consumers away from trade.

28. The Philippines of Rizal's Times

29. The economic opportunities created by the Industrial Revolution had encouraged Spain in 1834 to open the Philippine economy to world commerce. Economic Aspect

30. End of GalleonTrade Longest economic trading route through a Galleon ships going back and forth between Manila, Cebu and Acapulco, Mexico (1565-1815).

31. British, Dutch, and American trading companies invested large capital in the country for the large- scale production of different products, such as tobacco and sugar.

32. Chinese immigrants served as middlemen between the provinces, where the crops were planted, and the merchant houses of the Mestizos in Manila.

33. Rich natives became tenants, ‘Inquilinos' known as in Spanish.

34. Inquilinos oversee the production of cash crops by subleasing large estates or haciendas from friars and then subletting them to indigenous farmers.

35. There was rise of new influential and wealthy Filipino middle class.

36. Opening of SUEZ CANAL An artificial sea- level waterway in Egypt that connects Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea Constructed by the Suez Canal Company between 1859 and 1869. French diplomat Ferdinand de Lesseps. Officially opened on November 17, 1869.

37. What’s the importance of SUEZ CANAL ?

38. The opening of the Suez Canal, construction of steel bridges, and safer and faster gave way to more intensive production of crops, which provided a huge advantage in commercial enterprises. When the Suez Canal, an artificial sea- level waterway, was opened, the distance of travel between Europe and the Philippines was considerably shortened.

39. SUEZ CANAL As travel time from the Philippines to Spain and vice versa was shortened to 30 days from more than two months, this positively affected the development of agricultural exports, which brought economic prosperity to native indios or the so- called "illustrados " . Encouraged the illustrados , especially Jose Rizal to pursue education abroad and learn scientific and liberal in European academic institutions. Their social dealings with liberals in the West have influenced their thoughts on nationhood, politics, and government. Expedited the importation not only of commercial products but also of books, magazines and newspapers with liberal ideas from America and Europe, which ultimately affected the minds of Rizal and other Filipino reformists.

40. What does all of th e s e have to do with Rizal?

41. This made the Inquilino class wealthy, which include the Rizal patriarch, the family Mercado . When Rizal’s Chinese ancestor Domingo Lam- co had come to the Binan hacienda in mid- eighteenth century, he became an Inquilino with 2.9 hectares land. After Rizal's father had moved to the Calamba hacienda, the Rizal family in the 1890s rented from the hacienda over 390 hectares.

42. This enabled the family to live a prosperous and comfortable life, thus giving the Rizal children more time and focus toward education.

43. Social Condition

44. In the Mariana Islands, for administrative purposes, the Spanish racial hierarchy was as follows: Peninsulares Creoles or Insulares Mestizos Native Filipinos Indios

45. The highest class is the Peninsulares - pure- blooded Spaniards who were born in the Iberian Peninsula, such as Spain.

46. Insulares were the specific term given to creoles (full- blooded Spaniards born in the colonies) born in the Philippines or the Marianas.

47. Mestizos, or colloquially Tisoy, is a name used to refer to people of mixed native Filipino and any foreign ancestry.

48. At the bottom of the hierarchy were the Native Filipinos and Indio.

49. Educational Condition

50. The Industrial Revolution necessitated changes in the education system of the Philippines.

51. Before , schools had total and strict control from the friars. It can even be summed up in three words: inadequate, suppressive, and controlled .

52. Children were taught to fear God over basic literacy and to obey the friars instead of learning how to count.

53. Th e educational system will no longer work to keep up with the modernizing world … Whew. Thus, Educational Decree of 1863 was implemented by the Spanish Colonial Government to address the lack of formal education among Filipinos. .

54. It mandated the establishment of a public school system throughout the country and required each town to have at least one primary school for boys and girls .

55. The curriculum was heavily influenced by the Spanish colonial government and focused on Catholicism and Spanish culture, limiting the scope of education and hindering the development of a national identity among Filipinos

56. The return of the Jesuits was a significant event that influenced the educational system in the Philippines. In 1865, Ateneo (which was handled by Jesuits) transformed into a secondary school that offered a level of instruction beyond the official requirements, more closely resembling today's college than high school.

57. It was in these secondary schools that the ideas of nationalism began to emerge, even among those who had never traveled to Europe.

58. Political Condition

59. The Church played a significant role in the state's proceedings, manipulating the indigenous people to comply with the state's laws as it saw fit.

60. During Rizal's time, the court of justice in the Philippines was notoriously corrupt. Racial prejudice was rampant in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. The poor had no access to the courts due to the heavy expenses of litigation, The local indigenous population was prohibited from organizing assemblies or political meetings . Merit was not based on one's capabilities or qualifications but on wealth, race, and connections with influential people.

61. During Rizal's time, there were widespread calls for democracy in the Philippines.

62. Rizal viewed Spain as regressive, incompatible, and the main reason why the country was not progressing .

63. The thirst for reform and nationalism flourished in the liberal atmosphere, and, to make a long story short, this led to the Philippine Independence movement and the death of Rizal.

64. Based on your personal assessment, how were these events in the 19 th century crucial to the formation of Rizal’s love for his country?

65. Factors that gave rise to Filipino nationalism

66. Factors that gave rise to Filipino nationalism Opening of Suez Canal Stimulated the spread of intellectual practices and traditions from Europe Spread of New Ideas The concept of liberalism engaged the Filipinos to fight for their rights and freedom The Spanish Revolution of 1868 Start of a liberal regime Race Prejudice against the Filipino People Filipinos are considered as an inferior race with a limited intellectual capabilities Martyrdom of GomBurZa Started the uprising of Filipino Nationalism

67. Opening of Suez Canal The opening of Suez Canal (1869) gave more opportunities to the illustrados and elites to travel and gain education in different places in Europe.

68. The Spanish Revolution (1868) The triumph of liberalism in Spain against the autocratic rule of Isabela II (1833-1869) resounded across the seas to the shores of her overseas colonies.

69. Spread of New Ideas Philippines was opened by Spain to World Trade Liberal ideas , contained books and newspapers, were ideologies of the American and French Revolutions and the thoughts of different philosophers such as: MONTESQUIEU - separation of powers VOLTAIRE - freedom of religion LOCKE - liberalism JEFFERSON - anti- slavery

70. Liberal ideas from Europe filtered in when Spain gradually exposed Phil. to international commerce. The sons and daughters of the principalia were able to attain education, thereupon giving then exposure to libertarian ideas. Principalia The Principalía or noble class was the ruling and usually educated upper class in the towns of Spanish Philippines

71. The Rise of the Principalia (Middle Class)   Middle class families were able to send their children to Europe for their education. Being educated, these Filipinos were able to see the difference between Europe and the Philippines and so they became disillusioned with Spain. From the Filipinos abroad emerged the works of Filipino propagandists who clamoured for changes and reforms in the Philippines.

72. Racial Prejudice against the Filipino People Filipinos are considered as an inferior race with limited intelligence

73. Liberal Regime of Carlos Ma. de la Torre   When Carlos Ma. de la Torre demonstrated his democratic and liberal means of governance. He abolished the censorship of the press. The freedom of speech and of the press were recognized.

74. Reactionary Governor-General Rafael de Isquierdo , an  arrogant and ruthless Governor-General , reversed the liberal work of de la Torre. He imposed strict censorship of the press, banned all talk of reforms and stop the Filipinization of the parishes. Despotism started in the Philippines once again.

75. The Secularization Controversy In the Philippine context, " secularization " meant merely "nationalizing" the Catholic Church by replacing the friars with native secular priests.

76. Martyrdom of GomBurZa The Filipino people deeply resented the execution of Fathers Gomez, Burgos and Zamora. They were acclaimed as the executed priests as true martyrs of their fatherland.

77. The Cavite Mutiny As an expression of protest, on the night of January 20, 1872, about 200 Filipino soldiers and dock workers in the province of Cavite mutinied and killed their Spanish officers under the leadership of Sergeant Lamadrid .

78. Assessment 19th Century Philippine Magazine Work with a group of classmates to research the Philippines in the 19th Century, then present your findings in a special-edition magazine called "Las Vida Filipinas." Your magazine should contain pictures and articles that provide information about different aspects of Philippine life in the 19th Century-- for example, religion and politics; news back then and literature; events and celebrations; lifestyles of the upper class and the poor. Organize the work equitably, with some group members concentrating on illustrations, others on research, others on writing and editing, and so on. (See module for rubric).

79. Thank you

80. References: https://www.slideshare.net/PennVillanueva/indigenous-peoples-of-the-philippines Philippines in the 19th century https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/bohol-island-state-university/life-works-and-writings-of-rizal/ge-9-module-2-philippines-in-the-19th-century/32922850 Yosef Eric C. Hipolito,LPT , MA Bachelor of Arts in History [email protected] https://prezi.com/5rwomgrlesap/the-birth-of-filipino-national-consciousness/ file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/rizalandhistime-170520051710.pdf (n.d.). pdf. https://02-19thcenturyasrizalscontext-lifeandworksofrizal-230304134357-07d7642f%20(1).pdf