3d printing

DEFINITION
HISTORY
TYPES
APPLICATION
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
FUTURE SCOPE

1. PRESENTED BY S.PAVITHRA 3D PRINTING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

2. CONTENTS Introduction History of printing 3D printing Evolution of 3D printing Process Flow chart Working Methods Industry 4.0 Application Size of printers Cost of printers Impact Advantage Disadvantage Future scope Reference

3. INTRODUCTION Printing is a process for reproducing texts and images. The device that print is called as printers. There are various types of printing mechanisms using several types of printers. 3D printing is the advanced form of printing. Its going to play a vital role in future industries and day to day life

4. HISTORY OF PRINTING 1440 200 1843 1986 The 3D printing process builds a three-dimensional object from a computer-aided design (CAD) model 3D PRINTING This advanced method produces high quality images by passing a laser beam back and forth over a negatively charged cylinder within the printer. It then collects electrically charged powdered ink to transfer the image to the paper. LASER PRINTING It worked by using cylinders which the images to be printed were curved around. This was a lot faster than the older printing press and allowed for paper to be continuously fed through the press. ROTARY PRESS Printing Press, an innovative method that built on techniques such as Movable Type, but consolidated them into one device that could be operated by hand. PRINTING PRESS is a technique for printing text, images or patterns used widely throughout East Asia and originating in China in antiquity as a method of printing on textiles and later paper . WOODEN BLOCK PRINTING 1969

5. 3D PRINTING The 3D printing process builds a three-dimensional object from a computer-aided design (CAD) model, usually by successively adding material layer by layer, which is why it is also called additive manufacturing. The term " 3D printing " covers a variety of processes in which material is joined or solidified under computer control to create a three-dimensional object, with material being added together (such as liquid molecules or powder grains being fused together), typically layer by layer.

6. 1984 Chuck Hull of 3D Systems Corporation filed his own patent for a stereolithography fabrication system, in which layers are added by curing photopolymers with ultraviolet light lasers. 2005 Z corporation launched first high definition color 3D printer. 2014 Benjamin S. Cook demonstrate the first multi-material, vertically integrated printed electronics additive manufacturing platform which enabled 3D printing of functional electronics operating up to 40 GHz. 1974 David E. H. Jones laid out the concept of 3D printing in his regular column Ariadne in the journal New Scientist . 1993 A company called Solidscape , introducing a high-precision polymer jet fabrication system with soluble support structures, 2012 Filabot developed a system for closing the loop [30] with plastic and allows for any FDM or FFF 3D printer to be able to print with a wider range of plastics. Evolution of 3d printing

7. process 3D printable models may be created with a computer-aided design (CAD) package, via a 3D scanner, or by a plain digital camera and photogrammetry software MODELING Before printing a 3D model from an STL file, it must first be examined for errors. A step in the STL generation known as "repair" fixes such problems in the original model. And its printed using printers. PRINTING Greater accuracy can be achieved only by printing a slightly oversized version of the desired object in standard resolution and then removing material using a higher-resolution subtractive process. FINISHING

8. START Layers of powder deposits automatically Print head applies resin to powder layers Powder layer almost dries immediately Add another layer Remove completed model STOP NO YES FLOW CHART

9. STEP 1 : (CAD FILE IS CREATED)

10. STEP 2 : The CAD is exported to a 3D printing machine

11. STEP 3 : Layer by layer printing

12. STEP 4 : Production of destined object

13. WORKING 3D CAD MODEL STL FILE SLICING SOFTWARE LAYER SLICES AND TOOL PATH 3D Printer 3D OBJECTS

14. methods Selective laser sintering (SLS) Stereo lithography (SL) Fused deposition modeling (FDM)

15. Portfolio Presentation Selective layer sintering (SLS) is an additive manufacturing method that uses a high power laser as the power source to sinter powdered material, aiming the laser automatically at points in space defined by a 3D model, binding the materials together to create a solid structure SELECTIVE LAYER SINTERING (SLS)

16. Portfolio Presentation Stereolithography is a additive manufacturing process using a vat of liquid UV curable photopolymer “resin” and a UV laser to build a part of layer at a time STEREOLITHOGRAPHY

17. Portfolio Presentation Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing technology commonly used for modeling, prototyping ,and production application. FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING (FDM)

18. ROLE OF 3D PRINTING As world manufacturing economy shifts from mass production of consumer items like shoes or bicycles to advanced products such as MRI machines or jet engines, several emerging technologies - sensors, big data, robotics, advanced materials, machine learning - are enabling new levels of precision, productivity and innovation. 3D printing fits perfectly in this new paradigm – called Industry 4.0 - situated as it is at the intersection of materials science, robotics, cloud computing, sensing and imaging, crowdsourcing, data analytics and other areas. 3D printing, like its fabrication predecessors, has created new manufacturing processes, and it promises to change not just manufacturing, but will influence our daily life in one way or other. It become one of the important aspect of INDUSTRY 4.0.

19. AUTOMOBILE AND AVIATION INDUSTRY ARCHITECTURE MEDICAL INDUSTRY FOOD INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS FASHION & ACCESSORIES ENTERTAINMENT & GAMING

20. AUTOMOBILE AND AVIATION INDUSTRY Aircraft equipment made using 3D printers is almost 60 - 65% lighter than traditional methods and equally strong. Urbee is the name of the first car in the world car mounted using the technology 3D printing (its bodywork and car windows were "printed"). In May 2015 Airbus announced that its new Airbus A350 XWB included over 1000 components manufactured by 3D printing. 3D printing is also being utilized by air forces to print spare parts for planes. In 2015, a Royal Air Force Eurofighter Typhoon fighter jet flew with printed parts.

21. ARCHITECTURE The use of 3D printing to produce scale models within architecture and construction has steadily increased in popularity as the cost of 3D printers has reduced. This has enabled faster turn around of such scale models and allowed a steady increase in the speed of production and the complexity of the objects being produced. Construction 3D printing, the application of 3D printing to fabricate construction components or entire buildings has been in development since the mid-1990s, development of new technologies has steadily gained pace since 2012 and the sub-sector of 3D printing is beginning to mature.

22. 3D printing technology can now be used to make exact replicas of organs. The printer uses images from patients' MRI or CT scan images as a template and lays down layers of rubber or plastic. 3D printing has been considered as a method of implanting stem cells capable of generating new tissues and organs in living humans. With their ability to transform into any other kind of cell in the human body, stem cells offer huge potential in 3D bioprinting. On October 24, 2014, a five-year-old girl born without fully formed fingers on her left hand became the first child in the UK to have a prosthetic hand made with 3D printing technology. In August 2015 the FDA approved the first 3D printed tablet. Binder-jetting into a powder bed of the drug allows very porous tablets to be produced, which enables high drug doses in a single formulation that rapidly dissolves and is easily absorbed. MEDICAL

23. FOOD INDUSTRY Additive manufacturing of food is being developed by squeezing out food, layer by layer, into three-dimensional objects. A large variety of foods are appropriate candidates, such as chocolate and candy, and flat foods such as crackers, pasta, [28] and pizza. [ NASA has considered the versatility of the concept, awarding a contract to the Systems and Materials Research Consultancy to study the feasibility of printing food in space. [ One of the problems with food printing is the nature of the texture of a food. For example, foods that are not strong enough to be filed are not appropriate for 3D printing. A food-tech startup Novameat from Barcelona 3D-printed a steak from peas, rice, seaweed, and some other ingredients that were laid down criss-cross , imitating the intracellular proteins. NASA is also looking into the technology in order to create 3D printed food to limit food waste and to make food that are designed to fit an astronaut's dietary needs. [ 1 2 3 41 5 6

24. Fasion Accessories 3D printing has entered the world of clothing with fashion designers experimenting with 3D-printed bikinis, shoes, and dresses. In commercial production Nike used 3D printing to prototype and manufacture the 2012 Vapor Laser Talon football shoe for players of American football, and New Balance is 3D manufacturing custom-fit shoes for athletes. 3D printing has come to the point where companies are printing consumer grade eyewear with on-demand custom fit and styling. On-demand customization of glasses is possible with rapid prototyping. 3D printing is used to manufacture moulds for making jewelry, and even the jewelry itself. 3D printing is becoming popular in the customisable gifts industry, with products such as personalized models of art and dolls, in many shapes &

25. GAMING & ENTERTAINMENT Its also used for recreating missing parts of ancient relics A 3D photo booth such as the Fantasitron located at Madurodam , the miniature park, generates 3D selfie models 3D printed toys has been new form of entertainment Sony pictures created animated characters using 3D printing for the film “Pirates- A band of misfits” 04 03 02 01

26. 3D PRINTED OBJECTS

27. SIZE MASSIVE SIZE SMALL SIZE MEDIUM SIZE

28. COST MAXIMUM PART SIZE: 12.7*12.7*12.7 CM (5*5*5 IN) PRICE: Rs 6,00,000 LOW END MAXIMUM PART SIZE: 340*340*200mm (13.4*13.4*7.9in) PRICE: 1Crore MID RANGE MAXIMUM PART SIZE: 39.3*31.4*19.6in PRICE: 5Crore HIGH END

29. IMPACTS Additive manufacturing, starting with today's infancy period, requires manufacturing firms to be flexible, ever-improving users of all available technologies to remain competitive. Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Advocates of additive manufacturing also predict that this arc of technological development will counter globalization, as end users will do much of their own manufacturing rather than engage in trade to buy products from other people and corporations. It had laid one of the foundation for industry 4.0 Provide great blow to traditional subtractive method manufacturing Option_A Option_B Option_C Option_D

30. ADVANTAGES RAPID PROTOTYPING: 3D printing gives designers the ability to quickly turn concepts into 3D models or prototyping. CLEAN PROCESS: wastage of materials is negligible Complex shapes can be produced Easy to use. No skilled person needed. Reduce design complexity. Cheapest process than any other processes. People in remote locations can fabricate objects that are inaccessible .

31. DISADVANTAGES 3-D printers are expensive 01 Cost of raw materials 04 Misuse of technology Your Text Here Although 3d printers have potential of creating many jobs and opportunities, they might also put certain jobs at risk Process is slow. 02 03 Components do not have enough strength 05 06

32. FUTURE Future application might include creating open source scientific equipment to create open source lab. Replicating ancient and priceless artifacts in archeology. Science-based applications like reconstructing fossils in paleontology. Reconstructing bones and body parts in forensic pathology Currently being researched for building constructions

33. EFERENCE 3D PRINTING R https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_printing https://www.designtechproducts.com/articles/3d-printers https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_3D_printing

34. Thank You