3D Printing Creative Technology Grade 8.pptx

3D printing

1. PRINTING

2. WHAT IS 3D PRINTING? 3D printing is creating a tangible 3D object from a digital file, using a 3D printer. A 3D Printer prints in layers so it is known as “additive manufacturing.” The history of 3D Printing dates back to 1984, but the first printer was invented in 1990.

3. 3D PRINTING PARTS

4. 3D PRINTING PARTS Controller Board Controller board is the heart of a 3D printer because it sends out commands to all other parts including the motors. It also sets the right temperature for the plastic filaments to melt, so that they take the shape of the object that needs to be printed.

5. 3D PRINTING PARTS Filament The most important component of the 3D printing process is the filament. It is the raw material required for printing three-dimensional objects, analogous to ink cartridges in the traditional inkjet/laser printers. They are made of materials that easily melt and take the shape of the object that needs to be printed.

6. 3D PRINTING PARTS Filament The most important component of the 3D printing process is the filament. It is the raw material required for printing three-dimensional objects, analogous to ink cartridges in the traditional inkjet/laser printers. They are made of materials that easily melt and take the shape of the object that needs to be printed.

7. TYPES OF 3D PRINTER FILAMENTS PLA - Polylactic acid ABS - Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene PETG - Polyethylene terephthalate glycol-modified  TPE - Thermoplastic elastomers Nylon PVA - Polyvinyl alcohol HIPS - High impact polystyrene

8. TYPES OF FILAMENT PLA is a thermoplastic. It is more brittle than ABS. However, PLA is easier and quicker to print with making it great for a hobbyist. ABS is a thermoplastic. It is more pliable than PLA, but it is also more difficult to use. You would use ABS for things you need to be stronger and more heat resistant.

9. MUST REMEMBER! Filaments are also available in other materials such as wood, metal, glow-in-the-dark and clay. But before buying a filament, you must know the properties of the filament such as melting temperature, electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, and aesthetic qualities. When buying a filament, always make sure that you know its heating requirements, so that you can see whether your printer can accommodate heating a filament to high temperatures. Also, if you are printing some part that needs to conduct electricity, then make sure your filament offers electrical conductivity. Always keep your requirements in mind when purchasing a filament because that will save a lot of your time and money.

10. 3D PRINTING PARTS Frame The frame of a 3D printer houses all of the electrical and mechanical components. It holds the components in place, and provides space for objects to be printed.

11. TYPES OF 3D PRINTERS Stereolithography (SLA) Digital Light Processing (DLP) Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Joint and Member Construction CNC and Laser Cut Metal Framing

12. 3D PRINTING PARTS Stepper Motors Stepper motors have the characteristic of working in steps, rather than working continuously like an ordinary DC motor, which gives them their special name. These motors inside a 3D printer help in building an object in multiple small steps. The printer head, printer bed, rods and screws move with the help of stepper motors.

13. THREE FAMOUS VARIATIONS 1. 20-25 N-cm These motors are best suited for low torque applications, which do not require a lot of power. Portable 3D printers use these motors which are shaped like a pancake, hence called pancake motors. They are not suited for driving large loads and are mostly used for applications like direct drive extruders. They also have an advantage of fitting into small spaces where heavier and bulkier motors cannot fit. 2. 40-45 N-cm These motors are normally used in 3D printers; hence they are termed as the standard choice of motors. They produce enough torque to move large loads at normal speed.

14. THREE FAMOUS VARIATIONS 3. 50-56 N-cm This is the most powerful stepper motor used in 3D printers. You won’t find a lot of printers using this NEMA-17 motor because it is too bulky, which is not what you’d want to use inside a 3D printer. These motors are not used for moving parts, rather they are used in a fixed position, because of their size and weight. These motors are useful when it comes to moving large print beds in specific applications.

15. THREE FAMOUS VARIATIONS

16. 3D PRINTING PARTS Belts The second motion component of a 3D printer is the set of belts present inside it. The stepper motor connects to drive gears via belts which fit over the gears and allow them to move smoothly with the motor. Belts come in two shapes; either as a long strip which needs connectors to hold both its ends, or a circular piece that needs no such connectors.

17. What are belts made of? Usually the material used for making 3D printer belts is either rubber or its derivatives. Small teeth are present on the surface of the belts, which helps them to work in synchronization with the stepper motors. The distance between the teeth, their height and thickness are some of the key parameter that need to be kept in mind while choosing a belt. Moreover, the length of the belt is also important since it helps decide the tension it can bear while working.

18. 3D PRINTING PARTS Threaded Rods Threaded roads allow the 3D printer head to move up and down, in the z-direction. Belts allow movement in the x and y axes, while threaded rods cater the z-axis. The thickness of the rod will determine how the printer head moves, which will affect the printing process. If the rods do not yield the correct movement, the object will not be printed exactly as desired.

19. 3D PRINTING PARTS Print Bed The print bed is the place where the final 3D object is formed. The filament material is deposited here, just like ink is placed on a piece of paper in the traditional 2D printers.

20. Print beds come in two varieties – heated and non-heated . A heated print bed decreases the temperature difference between the hot filament material and the print bed. This improves the print quality and decreases the chances of warping. A print bed can be made of either glass or aluminum , with the latter being more popular. Aluminum print beds are better because they heat up easily, while glass takes time to heat.

21. 3D PRINTING PARTS Print Bed Surface As the name suggests, the print bed surface is the top layer of the print bed. It makes it easy to remove the object after it is printed, and saves it from sticking to the print bed. A good printing bed surface must allow the printed object to stick onto its surface properly, and avoid warping issues, which occur when the inner layer of the object remains hot while the outer layer has cooled down..

22. Print bed surface is usually made of either glass or aluminum, each having their own pros and cons. Using and aluminum print bed surface means heat will be distributed equally on the surface, since aluminum is a good conductor of heat. This will help tackle warping issues but the downside of using aluminum is that it expands when heated, which makes its surface uneven after some time. However, using a glass print bed surface eliminates this issue. Glass does not conduct heat so warping issues would still be there. Moreover, glass is a fragile material, it can easily break when mishandled so you have to be very careful while using it.

23. 3D PRINTING PARTS Print Head The print head is the part through which filament enters, melts and then takes the shape of the object that needs to be printed. It consists of two parts, the cold end and the hot end. The cold end is present at the top of the print head, and it is cold, as the name suggests. The filament enters through this end and goes down towards the hot end. A motor is attached with the print head, which allows the filament to travel from the cold end to the hot end.

24. At the hot end is a nozzle, through which the filament flows out. Before the nozzle is a heating chamber, which melts the solid filament into a liquid form. The liquid filament is then pushed out of the nozzle, according to the commands of the controller board. Nozzles come in different sizes, the most common is the 0.4 mm nozzle, made of brass. Other nozzle materials include stainless steel, ruby and tungsten carbide.

25. HOW DOES 3D PRINTING WORK? A 3D digital file is created using a 3D modeling program. This file is then “sliced” into hundreds or thousands of lines so that the printer can understand the file. The 3D printer heats up to create a liquid of the material it is printing with, most often plastics. It prints layer by layer by layer until it has finished the entire file.

26. HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE? Printing 3D objects can take minutes or days, depending on the size of the file and complexity. It also depends on the quality of your printer.

27. WHAT CAN YOU 3D PRINT? toys organs car parts prototypes musical instruments houses/construction furniture molds eyeglasses and MORE!

28. RESOURCES