3d printing in pharmaceuticals

In this presentation you can see What is 3D Printing?, 3D Printing in Pharmaceuticals, Methods and Technologies, Working, Advantage & Disadvantage, Application And In TELEPHARMACY, What is Telepharmacy? ,Types of Telepharmacy, Implementation Advantage & Disadvantage, Conclusion

1. 3D Printing in Pharmaceuticals & Telepharmacy Prepared By:- Vishal Bhuva Drug Delivery System

2. Content 3D PRINTING What is 3D Printing? 3D Printing in Pharmaceuticals Methods and Technologies Working Advantage & Disadvantage Application TELEPHARMACY What is Telepharmacy ? Types of Telepharmacy Implementation Advantage & Disadvantage Conclusion

3. What is 3D Printing? 3D printing is a process of making a three dimensional solid object of virtually any shape from a digital model. Also Known as: 1. Additive manufacturing (AM) 2. Solid freeform Fabrication (SFF) 3. Rapid prototyping (RP) An object is created by laying down successive layers of material until the entire object is created

4. 3D Printing in Pharmaceuticals It’s opened new horizons in the research and development of printed materials and devices The manufacture of medicines in this way may finally lead to the concept of personalized medicines becoming a reality. The main benefits of 3D printing technology in the production of small batches of medicines, each with tailored dosages, shapes, sizes, and release characteristics

5. Working Pre-Process 3D Model Specialized Software Process Add required Material 3D Printing Post-Process Powder Removal Curing

6. Methods and Technologies Fused deposition modeling (FDM) The process involves the selection of the desired polymer, which is melted and forced through a movable heated nozzle. Ex. Hydrochlorothiazide Tablet Filament Y-Axis Build Plate X-Axis Z-Axis Extruder

7. Selective laser Sintering (SLS) . Use High-Power laser to fuse input material Ex. Capsule for Progesterone

8. Stereo-lithography Apparatus (SLA/SL) Photo-polymerization is used to produced a solid part from the liquid UV laser solidifying the layer Ex. Facial Mask (Salicylic acid)

9. Advantages Clean Process Low waste of materials, which can save cost of production Require only Material , Blueprint and 3D Printer It can print any design , no matter how complex it be Customization and personalization Faster product delivery New Shape and Structure Greater creativity Disadvantages High cost of Printer Unsuitable for Large production Difficult to install/remove manually Limited raw material Production of dangerous item Intellectual property issue

10. Application In Pharmaceutical research related to drug dosage form, Delivery and Discovery Tissue and Organ fabrication Creating of customized production Dental Implants

11. TELEPHARMACY

12. Telepharmacy Telepharmacy  is the delivery of pharmaceutical care via  telecommunications  to patients in locations where they may not have direct contact with a pharmacist. Telepharmacy services include,  Drug therapy monitoring Patient counseling, prior authorization and refill authorization for Prescription drugs Monitoring of formulary compliance with the aid of teleconferencing / Videoconferencing

13. Types of Telepharmacy 1.Inpatient Inpatient telepharmacy refers to a pharmacist at a remote location performing remote order-entry services for an inpatient pharmacy at a hospital. The remote pharmacist reviews medication orders before the hospital staff administers the drugs to the patient. 2. Remote Dispensing A remote-dispensing site, or retail community telepharmacy, is a licensed brick-and-mortar pharmacy staffed by a certified pharmacy technician (or two, depending on volume). A pharmacist supervises the technician, reviews prescriptions and performs his or her duties from a remote location via technology. Imagine a traditional pharmacy, except the pharmacist is located off-site.

14. 3. IV admixture The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) defines IV admixture as, “the preparation of pharmaceutical product which requires the measured addition of a medication to a 50 mL or greater bag or bottle of intravenous fluid.” In layman's terms, IV admixture is the mixing of IV solution administered to patients in a hospital setting. 4. Remote counseling Remote-patient counseling equates to pharmacists providing patient counseling via a live-and-interactive video session, or by some means through telecommunications.

15. Implementation Australia – Royal Flying Doctor service -1942 (Queensland – 21,470 Teleheath consultants – In 1 Year) United States – 2000 Canada – 2003 United Kingdom – 2010 Italy, Japan, Spain, Venezuela, Cuba, Germany -2013

16. Advantage Expand access to pharmacy care in smaller rural communities. High level of quality pharmacy service Reduced operating cost Improve patient adherence Effective patient counselling Disadvantage Increase chance of error Lack of complete control dispensing drugs to patients Operational difficulties More money ( North Dakota (USA) telepharmacy estimated cost around $130,000 ) Reluctance of use technology

17. Conclusion Rural communities lack easy access to healthcare service often due to geographical and demographical factors. Telepharmacy holds significant promise as a technology to improve access to pharmaceutical care for people living in rural communities A well developed system, however can change the practice of pharmacy that is beneficial to both the rural communities and hospital or retail pharmacies that deliver this service

18. References https://link.springer.com/article/10.1208/s12249-020-01905-8#Tab1 https://blog.telepharm.com/the-4-different-types-of-telepharmacy

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