3D printing in pharmaceuticals

Increasing the efficacy of drugs and at the same time reducing the chances of adverse reaction should be the aim of drug development, which can be achieved by using 3D printing to fabricate personalized medications
Drugs with narrow therapeutic index can easily be prepared using 3D printing; and, by knowing the patient’s pharmacogenetic profile and other characteristics like age, race etc., optimal dosage can be given to the patient.
3D printing technology is a valuable and potential tool for the pharmaceutical sector, leading to personalized medicine focused on the patients’ needs. It offers numerous advantages, such as increasing the cost efficiency and the manufacturing speed. 3D printing has revolutionized the way in which manufacturing is done. It improves the design manufacturing and reduces lead time and tooling cost for new products.

1. Presented By :
Mr. Sanket Rajiv Shinde
M. Pharmacy (QAT)
Savitribai Phule Pune University 1

2. The basics of the technology
1. What is 3D Printing ?

3. 3D Printing is a process of making a physical object from a three dimensional
digital model typically by layering down many thin layers of a material in
succession.
Introduction
Processes
Additive
Manufacturing (AM)
Rapid Prototyping (RP)
Solid Free-form
fabrication (SFF)
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4. •Charles Hull invented 3d printing which
he called STEREOLITHOGRAPHY in the
early 1984.
•He obtained a patent in 1986.
•First research into applications in
pharmaceutical & health care sector
appeared around 2000.
History of 3D Printing
4

5. 1984
Charles Hull invented Stereolithography
1996
Dr. Gabor Forgacs observed that cells stick together during embryonic
development
2000
Urinary bladder augmentation using a synthetic scaffold seeded with the
patients' own cells
2003
Thomas Boland's lab modified an inkjet printer to accommodate and
dispense cells in scaffolds
2009
Organovo, creates the NovoGen MMX Bioprinter using Forgacs technology
2010
Organovo prints the first human blood vessel without the use of scaffolds
2011
Organavo develops 3D bioprinted disease models made from human cells.
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6. A step by step process
2. How 3D Printing works ?

7. •There are about two dozen 3D printing processes, which use varying printer technologies,
speeds, and resolutions, and hundreds of materials.

•These technologies can build a 3D object in almost any shape imaginable as defined in a
computer-aided design (CAD) file.

•In a basic setup, the 3D printer first follows the instructions in the CAD file to build the
foundation for the object, moving the print head along the x–y plane.

•The printer then continues to follow the instructions, moving the print head along the z-axis
to build the object vertically layer by layer.
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3D Printing Process

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9. •The type of 3D printer chosen for an application often depends on the materials to be
used and how the layers in the finished product are bonded.
•The three most commonly used 3D printer technologies in medical applications are :
•Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
•Thermal Inkjet (TIJ) Printing
•Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM).
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Types of 3D Printers

10. The latest innovations
3. 3D Printing in Pharmaceuticals

11. •ZipDose is a 3D printer that creates pills by printing out thin layers of
medicine in powder form, with layers of a water based binder spread
between each of the powder layers.
•The result is a tablet that can dissolve with a sip of water in less than 5
seconds.
11 Source- www.aprecia.com/Zipdose
Development of Drug using 3D Printer

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Source- www.aprecia.com/Zipdose

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How does it works ?
•A 3D printing process also allows layers of medications to be
packaged in better porous medium in precise dosages.
•The possibility to 3D print drugs on affordable devices could eventually
lead to cheaper medication.

14. The latest trend
4. 3D Printing in Healthcare

15. 3D Bioprinting
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•The most latest technology in biofabrication of
living structures using tissue engineering is
“Bioprinting”.

•Bioprinting is defined as the construction of tissue
constructs using a set of techniques that transfer
biologically important materials onto a substrate with
computer-aided, specialized 3D printers.
Bioprinter

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3D Printed Bionic Heart Model

17. (Bioink) (Biopaper)
Components Needed For Bioprinting
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Pre- Processing
Processing
Post Processing
3 Phases
Cells Hydrogel Bioprinter
Bioprinted
tissue or
organ

18. PRINTING PROCESS
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Maturation

19. Current Progress
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Ear: 250 µm cells and collagen from rat tail make human ear in
15 min. Post-processing 3 months. To serve children with
hearing loss due to malformed outer ear.

Kidneys: Layer-by-layer building of scaffold and deposition of
kidney cells. Assembly to be transplanted into patient.
Degradation of scaffold to follow in-vivo.

Blood Vessels: Rigid but non-toxic sugar filaments form core.
Cells deposited around filaments. Subsequent blood flow
dissolves sugar.

20. Skin grafts: Laser scan wound to determine depth and area.
One inkjet ejects enzymes and second, cells. Layer is finally
sealed by human skin cells. Useful in war and disaster zones.
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Bones: Print scaffold with ceramic or Titanium powder,
incubation of 1 day in culture of human stem cells. Repair of
complex fractures in accident survivors.

21. Researchers at the National Library
of Medicine generate digital files
from clinical data, such as CT scans,
that are used to make custom 3D-
printed surgical and medical
models.
21
A 3D model used for surgical
planning by neurosurgeons at the
Walter Reed National Military
Medical Center.
Surgical Models

22. Harvard team 3D prints blood vessel-
lined tissue that could one day be used
to test drugs
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3D Printing Creates Low-Cost Prosthetic
Fingers

23. 3D Bone implant
23 Medical devices
Ear cartilage
Synthetic skin

24. •Printing new Skin
•Printing cartilage &
bones
•Printing replacement
tissues
•Printing replacement
organs
•Specific organ
tissue replacement
for important organs
like heart and
kidney.
•Personalized
replacement for
3D printed joints
with custom fit.
•Life saving 3D
printed organ
replacement.
Research (today)
Technology Adoption
( after 5- 8 years)
Commercialization
(after 10- 15 years)
Bioprinting - Forecast
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25. •The Global 3D Bio printing Market was valued at approximately $570
million in 2015 and is expected to grow at a CAGR (Compound Annual
Growth rate) of around 25-27% during the forecast period that is from
2016 to 2022.
•Such high growth is majorly attributed to factors such as; growing demand
for tissues and organs for transplantation and the growing technological
advancements in 3D Bio printing technology.
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Demand of Bioprinting

26. •Study shows that making Medical equipment is 1 of the 3 Major sector
along with Automobile and Aerospace.
Bio printing(Medical/dental ) has the Fast growth rate of 50%/year
increasing.
Aerospace &
Defence
15%
Source- www.statia.com/worldwide-3d-printing
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Market Share
28%
4%
20% 15%
12%
16%
5%
3D Printing Market Share (2015)
Education & Research
Architecture
Automotive
Aerospace & Defence
Pharmaceutical
Medical & Dental
Other

27. •Value chain of 3D printing includes various stakeholders, namely:
•Research and Development
•3D printer and material manufacturers
•Retailers
•Final consumers
Primary
Activity
Secondary
Activity
Source- www.ey.com/publication/vwLUAssets
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Value Chain Analysis of 3D Printing
Various activities in Value chain analysis

28. Primary Activities :
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•Research and development -responsible for changing the conventional techniques
of manufacturing and introducing new technology into the market
•Manufacturers - construct components and accomplish higher precision and
advanced resolution while providing faster manufacturing process
•Consumers - automobile, defense, aerospace, industrial, healthcare, education and
research, arts, architecture and others.
Manufacturers
Suppliers
Customers R&D

29. Support Activities :These activities indirectly influence the 3D
printing market size.
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Technology adoption
High-end technologies used in development of new techniques
Capital investment
Influence the role of stakeholders, such as manufacturers and
consumer
Economies of scale
Achieve the return on investment
Patent protection
Help Inventors Turn Ideas Into Success

30. Source- www.amtz.in/think3d -announce-6m-3d-print-facility-india
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Future of 3D Printing in India
•According to a research conducted by 6W research, India’s 3D printing market is
projected to grow at around 20 percent during 2014-19.
•India 3D printer market is projected to cross $79 million by 2021.
•Indian 3D printing platform think 3D has announced it will be establishing a $6
million 3D printing facility in Andhra Pradesh, India (Andhra Pradesh MedTech Zone-
AMTZ).
•The $6 million facility is expected to enable India’s medical device market to become
more independent reducing total foreign import from 75% to 10%

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High cost of
Manufacturing
Lack of Awareness
Still very
nascent Industry
Lack of raw
Material
Challenges in 3D Printing Industry

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Conclusion
•3D printing has become a useful and potentially transformative tool in a number of
different fields, including medicine.
•As printer performance, resolution, and available materials have increased, so have the
applications.
• Researchers continue to improve existing medical applications that use 3D printing
technology and to explore new ones.
•The medical advances that have been made using 3D printing are already significant
and exciting, but some of the more revolutionary applications, such as organ printing,
will need time to evolve.

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