3dprinting in dentistry-180319114950.pptx

3d print in dental practice

1. 3D Printing in Dentistry Mohamed Mahmoud Abdul- Monem Spring 2018

2. Contents Defintion History Materials used in 3D printing Mechanism of 3D printing 3D printing vs CAD/CAM Uses of 3D printing in dentistry

3. Definition 3D printing is also known as : Additive manufacturing , Rapid prototyping, Layered manufacturing , Solid free form fabrication.

4. Definition It is the process in which multiple layers of material are added one by one under computer control to create three-dimensional object .

5. History In 1984 , Charles Hull an American Engineer, developed the world’s first working 3-D printer .

6. History Organovo ,a regenerative medicine company released data on the first fully bio printed blood vessels and highlighted on bio printing technology in 2010 .

7. Materials used Metals like silver, steel, titanium. Resins like PLA, polyamide (nylon), glass filled polyamide, epoxy resins ,photopolymers, polycarbonate. Ceramics like hydroxyapatite Organic materials such as cells, wood, and chocolate .

8. Mechanism

9. Mechanism It all starts with creation of a virtual design(CAD) of the object. The most common and universal file formats for 3D printing are STL and VRML . Scanner may be used to produce a 3D model. The 3D model is sliced and then it is ready to feed into the 3D printer of compatible brand and type. The 3D printer reads every slice (2D image) and creates a three dimensional object.

10. 3D printing software

11. 3D Slicing

12. Mechanism Fused deposition modeling A thermoplastic filament material is extruded through a nozzle controlled by temperature and the material hardens immediately (within 1 sec) after extrusion .

13. Mechanism Selective laser sintering A fine material powder is fused by scanning laser , to build up structures incrementally.

14. Stereolithography Involves successive printing of thin layers of UV laser curable liquid photopolymer layer by layer.

15. 3D Printer

16. 3D printing vs CAD/CAM Subtractive methods such as CAD/ CAM have some disadvantages : Large amount of raw material is wasted because of unused portions of the mono-blocks which are discarded after milling and recycling of the excess ceramic is also not feasible. Milling tools are prone to heavy abrasion and wear which shortens their cycling time. Due to brittle nature of ceramic microscopic cracks can be introduced during the process of machining.

17. Uses of 3D printing in dentistry Dental implants surgical guides Maxillofacial surgery Dental models Prosthodontics Orthodontics Endodontics Bioprinting

18. Uses of 3D printing in dentistry Dental implants surgical guides

19. GUIDED IMPLANT SURGERY WORKFLOW The first step in guided implant surgery is to run a cone beam scan on the patient, which provides a wealth of information on the bone, bone density, soft tissue, location and nerves. The DICOM file, or rendering of the patient’s anatomy, is integrated into a guided surgery software program . There, the clinician and/or dental technician can virtually place an implant and run a series of tests to ensure its best location outcomes. An impression of the patient’s mouth is captured, either digitally with an intraoral scanner or with the analog PVS method, from which a model is created and scanned.

20. This creates an optical scan that provides an STL file that can quickly and simply be overlaid onto the DICOM (cone beam) file and provide a comprehensive STL file to be imported in to the guided surgery software. The clinician chooses the type of implant system and the implant size.

21. Uses of 3D printing in dentistry Maxillofacial surgery

22. Maxillofacial surgery

23. Uses of 3D printing in dentistry Dental models

24. Uses of 3D printing in dentistry Orthodontics

25. Uses of 3D printing in dentistry Prosthodontics

26. Uses of 3D printing in dentistry Endodontics

27. Bioprinting Three dimensional (3D) bioprinting  is the utilization of 3D printing techniques to combine cells, growth factors, and biomaterials  to fabricate biomedical parts that maximally imitate natural tissue characteristics. Generally, 3D bioprinting utilizes the layer-by-layer method to deposit materials known as  Bioinks to create tissue-like structures that are later used in medical and tissue engineering fields.

28. Bioprinting Advantages : Creating detailed biomimetic 3D structures. Ability to imitate the extracellular matrix (ECM).

29. Bioprinting Disadvantages: The availability of biomaterials with the stability and desired properties for 3D printing of scaffolds is restricted depending on the printing technology used. Production time that it takes to fabricate scaffolds,which dramatically increases as the scaffold design becomes more precise

30. Materials used in bioprinting Polymers Metals ceramics

31. 4D Printing Uses the same techniques of 3D printing through computer programmed deposition of material in successive layers to create a three-dimensional object. However, 4D printing adds the dimension of transformation over time . It is therefore a type of  programmable matter , wherein after the fabrication process, the printed product reacts with parameters within the environment (humidity, temperature, etc.,) and changes its form accordingly. 

32. 4D printing has attracted great interest since the concept was introduced in 2012 . The past 5 years have witnessed rapid advancesin both 4D printing processes and materials. 4D printing allows the printed part to change its shape and function with time in response to change in external conditions such as temperature, light, electricity, and water .

33. Materials used in 4D printing Thermosensitive polymers Shape memory polymers Photoreactive polymers

34. 4D printed Cardiovascular stent

35. References J Dedhia , P Dhaimade , A Mansingh .From 2D to 3D: An Evidence Based Review of 3D Printing in Dentistry .Research & Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry .2017;8(3): 1-6 Reeta J, Supriya S , Shweta B, Kimmi G. Recent Trends of 3-D Printing in Dentistry- A review . Annals of Prosthodontics & Restorative Dentistry. 2016;2(4):101-4 Chimene D et al .Advanced Bioinks for 3D Printing: A Materials Science Perspective.Annals of biomedical engineeering.2016 Jing-Jun W, Li-Mei H, Qian Z, Tao X. 4D Printing: History and Recent Progress. Chinese J. Polym . Sci.2017